India and the Knowledge Economy : Leveraging Strengths and Opportunities
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Washington, DC : World Bank
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In the global knowledge economy of the
twenty-first century, India's development policy
challenges will require it to use knowledge more effectively
to raise the productivity of agriculture, industry, and
services and reduce poverty. India has made tremendous
strides in its economic and social development in the past
two decades. Its impressive growth in recent years-8.2
percent in 2003-can be attributed to the far-reaching
reforms embarked on in 1991 and to opening the economy to
global competition. In addition, India can count on a number
of strengths as it strives to transform itself into a
knowledge-based economy-availability of skilled human
capital, a democratic system, widespread use of English,
macroeconomic stability, a dynamic private sector,
institutions of a free market economy; a local market that
is one of the largest in the world; a well-developed
financial sector; and a broad and diversified science and
technology infrastructure, and global niches in IT.
Palabras clave
ACCREDITATION, ACHIEVEMENTS, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURE, ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY, BANKRUPTCY, BENCHMARKING, BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING, BUYING POWER, CAPITAL MARKETS, CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE, CLASSROOM TEACHING, CLIMATE, CLOSED ECONOMY, COLLABORATION, COMMUNICATION SKILLS, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES, COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY, COMPARATOR COUNTRIES, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVE MARKETS, COMPETITIVENESS, COPYRIGHT, CURRICULUM, DEMOCRACY, DIGITAL ACCESS, DIGITAL DIVIDE, DISTANCE EDUCATION, DISTANCE LEARNING, E-GOVERNMENT, ECONOMIC INCENTIVES, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EDUCATION STANDARDS, ELITES, EMPLOYMENT, ENGINEERS, ENROLLMENT, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPORTS, FAMILIES, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FORMAL EDUCATION, FREE MARKET ECONOMY, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GIRLS, GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA, GROWTH PROJECTIONS, GROWTH RATE, HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, HUMAN CAPITAL, ICT, ILLITERACY, IMMUNODEFICIENCY, INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INFORMATION STORAGE, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION, INNOVATIONS, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER, ISP, JOURNALS, KNOW-HOW, KNOWLEDGE CREATION, KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, KNOWLEDGE FOR DEVELOPMENT, KNOWLEDGE REVOLUTION, KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY, KNOWLEDGE WORKERS, LAWS, LEARNING, LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT, LEARNING MATERIALS, LEARNING MODELS, LEARNING SKILLS, LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES, LICENSING, LIFELONG LEARNING, LITERACY, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MANAGERS, NATIONAL INCOME, NETWORKS, NUTRITION, OUTSOURCING, PARTNERSHIP, PATENTS, PER CAPITA INCOME, PRINTING, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCT MARKETS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC SECTOR, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, REAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, RETIREMENT, SAFETY, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLS, SCIENTISTS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING, SERVICE INDUSTRIES, SOCIAL SERVICES, SUPPLY CHAINS, TEACHER, TECHNICAL EDUCATION, TECHNICIANS, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS, TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, TELECOMMUNICATION, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TELECOMS, TELEDENSITY, TELEPHONE SERVICE, TELEPHONES, TELEPHONY, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, TRAINING INITIATIVES, TRAINING PROGRAMS, UNIVERSITIES, UNIVERSITY CURRICULUM, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, WEALTH, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO