Key Issues in Central America Health Reforms : Diagnosis and Strategic Implications, Volume 1. Synthesis of Findings
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Washington, DC
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The main objective of this report is to
identify and analyze the most pressing health sector issues
in the sub region of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and
Nicaragua (referred to as CA4) while building on the
successes already attained, in order to lay the groundwork
for discussing and refining strategies and policies in CA4.
It will focus on analyzing (a) CA4 health sector
performance, measured by financial protection and a subset
of health indicators; and (b) health system functions of
financing and service delivery. The report also addresses
three topics that CA4 stakeholders selected as their main
areas of interest: (a) decentralization processes initiated
in these countries; (b) the design and implementation of
alternative strategies to improve access to basic maternal
and child health care services: and (c) the high prevalence
of malnutrition. The synthesis of findings can be found in
volume 1 of the report. In volume 2, aside from the
introduction, the report comprises five chapters: Chapter 2
discusses the different aspects that characterize the health
sector of these countries: health care financing, financial
coverage and protection, efficiency and equity in the
allocation of resources and service coverage and
utilization. Chapter 3 describes the extent and consequences
of the various decentralization processes. Chapter 4
presents the different strategies being followed to improve
access and extend basic health services, and Chapter 5
focuses on malnutrition and strategic considerations for
cost effective programs in CA4.
Palabras clave
ABILITY TO PAY, ACCESS TO SERVICES, ACCESSIBILITY, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, ALLIANCES, ANTENATAL VISITS, BABY, BASIC HEALTH SERVICES, BASIC SERVICES, BREASTFEEDING, CANCER, CATASTROPHIC EXPENDITURES, CENTRAL AMERICA, CENTRAL AMERICAN, CHILD CARE, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD HEALTH CARE, CHILD HEALTH SERVICES, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD MORTALITY RATES, CHILD NUTRITION, CHRONIC MALNUTRITION, CITIZENS, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, COMMUNITY HEALTH, COUNSELING, DEATHS, DECENTRALIZATION, DISADVANTAGED POPULATIONS, DISEASE CONTROL, DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, DOCTORS, EARLY DETECTION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICES, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES, FERTILITY, FINANCIAL PROTECTION, FUNDS COLLECTION, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE FINANCING, HEALTH CARE PROVISION, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH COSTS, HEALTH COVERAGE, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH MANAGEMENT, HEALTH MINISTRIES, HEALTH NEEDS, HEALTH OFFICIALS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH PROMOTION, HEALTH REFORM, HEALTH REFORMS, HEALTH RISKS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICE, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SPENDING, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEM PERFORMANCE, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTH TARGETS, HEALTH WORKERS, HEALTHCARE SERVICES, HOSPITAL, HOSPITAL CARE, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HYGIENE, ILLNESSES, IMMUNIZATION, INDIGENOUS GROUPS, INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS, INEQUITIES, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATES, INFANTS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSURANCE SCHEMES, KEY HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LOCAL CAPACITY, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, LOCAL HEALTH CENTERS, MALNOURISHED CHILDREN, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES, MEASLES, MEDICAL EDUCATION, MEDICINES, MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION, MIDWIVES, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINISTRIES OF HEALTH, MODERNIZATION, MORTALITY, NATIONAL HEALTH, NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM, NATIONAL PRIORITY, NEONATAL MORTALITY, NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, NURSES, NURSING, NUTRITION, NUTRITION EDUCATION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, PATIENTS, PEACE, PHYSICIANS, POOR HEALTH, POOR POPULATIONS, POSTNATAL CARE, POVERTY REDUCTION, PREGNANCY, PRIMARY CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH SERVICES, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES, PUBLIC SERVICE, QUALITY CONTROL, REDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS, RESOURCE USE, RISK ADJUSTMENT, RURAL AREAS, RURAL WOMEN, SAFE WATER, SANITATION, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE, SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEMES, SOCIAL SECTOR, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL WORKERS, SUPERVISION, SUSTAINABILITY, UNIONS, URBAN AREAS, USER FEES, VACCINATION, VACCINATIONS, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, WORKERS