Rural Employment in Africa
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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Africa’s rural population continues
to expand rapidly and labor productivity in agriculture and
many rural off farm activities remains low. This paper uses
the lens of a dual economy and the associated patterns of
agricultural, rural, and structural transformation to review
the evolution of Africa’s rural employment and its
inclusiveness. Many African countries still find themselves
in an early stage of the agricultural and rural
transformation. Given smaller sectoral productivity gaps
than commonly assumed, greater size effects and larger
spillovers, investment in agriculture and the rural off-farm
economy remains warranted to broker the transition to more
and more productive rural employment. The key policy
questions thus become how best to invest in the agri-food
system (on and increasingly also off the farm) and how best
to generate demand for nonagricultural goods and services
which rural households can competitively produce. Informing
these choices continues to present a major research agenda,
with digitization, the imperative of greening and
intra-African liberalization raising many unarticulated and
undocumented opportunities and challenges.
Palabras clave
RURAL EMPLOYMENT; AGRICULTURE; RURAL TRANSFORMATION; LABOR PRODUCTIVITY; RURAL AREA; INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE; PRODUCTIVITY GAP; PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT; AGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT; ACCOUNT ADVANCE RATE; CORPORATE CODE OF CONDUCT; DRIVERS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH; AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT; FOOD SYSTEM; SURPLUS LABOR; AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY; RURAL LABOR MARKET; EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE; INFORMAL SECTOR EMPLOYMENT; NUMBER OF WORKERS; RURAL LABOR FORCE; AGRICULTURAL LABOR; AGRICULTURAL VALUE CHAIN; OFF-FARM EMPLOYMENT; INVESTMENTS IN AGRICULTURE; WAGE EMPLOYMENT; HIGH POPULATION DENSITY; GENDER WAGE GAP; AGRICULTURAL LABOR FORCE; AGRICULTURAL WAGE LABOR; JOB QUALITY; RURAL YOUTH; GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN; EMPLOYMENT CONDITION; WORKING CONDITION; MINIMUM WAGE; AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION; DUAL ECONOMY