Globalization, Growth, and Poverty : Building an Inclusive World Economy
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Washington, DC: World Bank and Oxford University Press
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Societies and economies around the world
are becoming more integrated. Integration is the result of
reduced costs of transport, lower trade barriers, faster
communication of ideas, rising capital flows, and
intensifying pressures for mitigation. Integration--or
"globalization"--has generated anxieties about
rising ineuality, shifting power, and cultural uniformity.
This report assesses its impact and examines these
anxieties. Global integration is already a powerful force
for poverty reduction, but it could be even more effective.
Some, but not all of the anxieties are well-founded. Both
global opportunities and global risks have outpaced global
policy. The authors propose an agenda for action, both to
enhance the potential of globalization to provide
opportunities for poor people and to reduce and mitigate the
risks it generates. This report presents three main findings
that bear on current policy debates about globalization.
First, poor countries with around 3 billion people have
broken into the global market for manufactures and services;
these "new globalizers" have experienced
large-scale poverty reduction. The second finding concerns
inclusion both across countries and within them; the authors
highlight a range of measures that would help countries in
danger of becoming marginalized become integrated with the
world economy. A third issue concerns the anxiety that
economic integration leads to cultural or institutional homogenization.
Palabras clave
GLOBALIZATION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, GLOBAL INTEGRATION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, TRADE POLICY, CAPITAL FLOWS, MIGRATION POLICY, DOMESTIC POLICIES, SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS, CULTURAL ISSUES, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, TERRORISM, TIMBER TREES, ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS & TREATIES, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, RULE OF LAW, LABOR COSTS, WORKERS REMITTANCES, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, CULTURAL CONCERNS, CULTURAL IDENTITY, CULTURAL VALUES, STANDARDIZATION, SOCIAL POLICY, LABOR STANDARDS, MARGINALIZATION, TRADE POLICY REFORM, AID PROGRAMS ABSOLUTE POVERTY, ACCOUNTING STANDARDS, AGRICULTURE, CAPITAL ACCOUNT, CAPITAL FLIGHT, CAPITAL FLOWS, CAPITAL MARKETS, CASE STUDIES, CHILD LABOR, CITIZENS, CIVIL SOCIETY, CIVIL WAR, CLOSED ECONOMIES, COLLECTIVE ACTION, COLLEGE EDUCATION, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, CONSUMERS, CONSUMPTION LEVELS, CORRUPTION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEVELOPING WORLD, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, DIRECT INVESTMENT, ECONOMIC CHANGE, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC POLICIES, EDUCATED WORKERS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EFFICIENT REGULATION, EMISSIONS, EMPLOYMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EXPORTS, FINANCIAL CRISES, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FOREIGN AID, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GLOBAL ECONOMY, GLOBAL MARKETS, GLOBAL STANDARDS, GLOBAL TRADE, GNP, GROWTH RATE, GROWTH RATES, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, IMPORT TARIFFS, IMPORTS, INCOME, INCOME GROUPS, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCREASED INEQUALITY, INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFLATION, INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INSURANCE, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, LABOR COSTS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LENDING PRACTICES, LIQUIDITY, LOCAL CULTURE, LONG RUN, LOW INFLATION, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MULTILATERAL TRADE, NATIONAL LEVEL, NON- FARM EMPLOYMENT, NON-INCOME DIMENSIONS, OPEN ECONOMIES, PER CAPITA GROWTH, PER CAPITA INCOME, POLICY DEBATES, POLICY RESEARCH, POLLUTION, POOR COUNTRIES, POOR PEOPLE, POOR POLICIES, POVERTY REDUCING, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROTECTION POLICIES, PROTECTIONISM, RAPID GROWTH, REDISTRIBUTION POLICIES, REDUCING INEQUALITY, REDUCING POVERTY, RELATIVE WAGE, RICH COUNTRIES, RULE OF LAW, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POOR, RURAL POVERTY, SERVICE PROVISION, SKILLED WORKERS, SOCIAL POLICIES, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SECURITY, TARIFF BARRIERS, TERMS OF TRADE, TIMBER, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE OPENNESS, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE SHOCKS, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, TRANSPARENCY, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AREAS, WAGES, WEALTH, WORLD INEQUALITY, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO