Enhancing Agricultural Innovation : How to Go Beyond the Strengthening of Research Systems
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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Agricultural development depends to a
great extent on how successfully knowledge is generated and
applied. Investments in knowledge, especially in the form of
science and technology, have been featured prominently and
consistently in most strategies to promote sustainable and
equitable agricultural development at the national level.
Although many of these investments have been quite
successful, the context for agriculture is changing
rapidly-sometimes radically-and the process of knowledge
generation and use has been transformed as well. It is
increasingly recognized that traditional agricultural
science and technology investments such as research and
extension, although necessary, are not sufficient to enable
agricultural innovation. As this paper will demonstrate, new
perspectives on the nature of the agricultural innovation
process can yield practical approaches to agricultural
development that may be more suited to this changing
context. This paper includes the following headings: (i)
reasons for assessing the value of the innovation systems
perspective; (ii) the innovation systems concept - a
framework for analysis; (iii) research methodology and case
study descriptions; (iv) innovation system capacity - a
comparative analysis of case studies; (v) reviewing the
innovation systems concept in light of the case studies;
(vi) toward a framework for diagnosis and intervention; and
(vii) conclusions.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION, AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION, AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURE, AKIS, BIOTECHNOLOGY, BOUNDARIES, BUSINESS COMMUNITY, CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATION, CLIENT COUNTRIES, COLLABORATION, COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, COMPETENCIES, COMPETITORS, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, CONTINUOUS PROCESS, COPYING, CREATION OF KNOWLEDGE, CROPS, DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION, DIGITAL, DISCUSSIONS, DISTANCE LEARNING, DISTINCT INNOVATION, E-MAIL, EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, EQUIPMENT, EXTENSION, FARMERS, FEED, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PROCESSING, FOOD PRODUCTS, FORMATTING, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS, GLOBAL MARKETS, GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS, GLOBALIZATION, INCOMES, INDUSTRIAL POLICY, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION CAPACITY, INNOVATION EFFORTS, INNOVATION PROCESS, INNOVATION PROCESSES, INNOVATION SYSTEM, INNOVATION SYSTEMS, INNOVATIONS, INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY, INSIGHTS, INTEGRATION, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, INVENTION, KNOWLEDGE GENERATION, KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION, KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY, KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURE, LATIN AMERICAN, LIVESTOCK, MARKETING, MEDIA, NARS, NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES, NETWORKS, NEW IDEAS, NEW PRODUCTS, NEW TECHNOLOGIES, NGOS, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING, PATTERNS OF INTERACTION, PRACTITIONERS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROCESS OF INNOVATION, PRODUCTIVITY, QUALITY STANDARDS, R&D, RESEARCH SYSTEMS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SEED DEVELOPMENT, STRUCTURES, SYSTEM OF INNOVATION, SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT, TECHNOLOGICAL LEARNING, TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT, TRADITIONAL TECHNOLOGY, USE OF KNOWLEDGE