How "Natural" are Natural Monopolies in the Water Supply and Sewerage Sector? Case Studies from Developing and Transition Economies
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Using data from the International
Benchmarking NETwork database, the authors estimate measures
of density and scale economies in the water industry in four
countries (Brazil, Colombia, Moldova, and Vietnam) that
differ substantially in economic development, piped water
and sewerage coverage, and characteristics of the utilities
operating in the different countries. They find evidence of
economies of scale in Colombia, Moldova, and Vietnam,
implying the existence of a natural monopoly. In Brazil the
authors cannot reject the 0 hypothesis of constant returns
to scale. They also find evidence of economies of customer
density in Moldova and Vietnam. The results of this study
show that the cost structure of the water and wastewater
sector varies significantly between countries and within
countries, and over time, which has implications for how to
regulate the sector.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO SAFE WATER, ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLIES, AGRICULTURE, AVERAGE COSTS, AVERAGE VARIABLE COSTS, BARRIERS TO ENTRY, BASE YEAR, BENCHMARK, BENCHMARKING, CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE, CONSUMER SOVEREIGNTY, COST FUNCTIONS, COST RECOVERY, CUBIC METERS, DELIVERY OF WATER, DELIVERY OF WATER SUPPLY, DELIVERY OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICES, DISECONOMIES OF SCALE, DRINKING WATER, ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, ECONOMIES OF SCOPE, ELASTICITY, ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION, EXCESS PROFITS, FINANCIAL VIABILITY, GDP, GDP DEFLATOR, GDP PER CAPITA, GNP, HOUSEHOLDS, INCOME, INCREASING RETURNS, INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE, LARGE UTILITIES, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, MARGINAL COST, MARGINAL COST PRICING, MONOPOLY POWER, MUNICIPAL WATER, MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY, NATIONAL INCOME, NATURAL MONOPOLIES, NATURAL MONOPOLY, NUMBER OF CONNECTIONS, NUMBER OF WATER, NUMBER OF WATER CONNECTIONS, OPERATIONAL EXPENSES, PERFORMANCE DATA, PIPE BREAKS, PIPED WATER, PRICE INCREASES, PRODUCTION INCREASES, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY, PROVINCIAL WATER, PROVINCIAL WATER UTILITIES, QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER, QUALITY OF WATER, QUALITY WATER, QUALITY WATER SUPPLY, REGIONAL UTILITIES, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, REGULATORY REGIMES, REGULATORY SYSTEMS, RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS, RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS, RESIDENTIAL POPULATION, RESIDENTIAL USERS, SANITATION, SANITATION MARKET, SANITATION SERVICES, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVISION, SEWERAGE, SEWERAGE COLLECTION, SEWERAGE COMPANIES, SEWERAGE INDUSTRY, SEWERAGE NETWORK, SEWERAGE SECTOR, SEWERAGE SERVICES, SEWERAGE SYSTEM, TOTAL COSTS, TOWNS, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, URBAN WATER, URBAN WATER UTILITIES, UTILITIES, UTILITY MANAGER, UTILITY SIZE, VALUATION, VALUE ADDED, VARIABLE COSTS, VARIABLE INPUTS, VOLUME OF WATER, WAGES, WASTEWATER, WASTEWATER COLLECTION, WASTEWATER SECTOR, WATER CONSUMPTION, WATER DEPARTMENT, WATER DISTRIBUTION, WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK, WATER INDUSTRY, WATER QUALITY, WATER SERVICE, WATER SERVICES, WATER SUPPLIES, WATER SUPPLY, WATER SUPPLY COMPANIES, WATER USERS, WATER UTILITIES, WATER UTILITY