Subnational Income, Growth, and the COVID-19 Pandemic

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dc.creatorChoudhary, M Ali
dc.creatorDal Barco, Ilaria
dc.creatorHaqqani, Ijlal A
dc.creatorLenzi, Federico
dc.creatorLimodio, Nicola
dc.date2025-08-13T14:58:04Z
dc.date2025-08-13T14:58:04Z
dc.date2025-05-26
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:32:42Z
dc.descriptionUsing real-time data and machine-learning methods, we produce monthly aggregates on gross national income (GNI) for 147 Pakistani districts between 2012 and 2021. We use them to understand whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic affected Pakistan's growth and subnational income distribution. Three findings emerge from our analysis. First, districts experienced a sizable decline in income during the pandemic, as their monthly growth rate dropped on average by 0.133 percentage points. Second, a larger income drop occurred in districts with a higher COVID-19 incidence, corresponding to urban areas characterized by a higher population density. Third, COVID-19 caused a decline in income inequality across districts, with more affluent districts experiencing more negative income growth during the pandemic.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099600005022575659
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/43578
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/405755
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherPublished by Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank
dc.relationWorld Bank Economic Review
dc.relationThe World Bank Economic Review
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.titleSubnational Income, Growth, and the COVID-19 Pandemic
dc.typeJournal Article

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