Human Opportunity Index - National : Equality of Children's Opportunities in Pakistan
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper complements the World
Bank's recent report on poverty by providing some
additional information on inequality. In contrast to reports
that analyze measures of inequality of income or wealth
(such as the Gini), this paper focuses on equality of
opportunities of children, where opportunities refer to
access to basic services and goods (access to education,
health conditions and basic infrastructure) that improve the
likelihood of children to maximize their human potential. It
introduces a new metric to Pakistan, the Human Opportunities
Index (HOI), that combines the overall coverage rate of the
opportunity with a penalty for the share of access to
opportunities that are distributed in an unequal fashion.
The Human Opportunity Index was developed recently at the
World Bank and has been estimated now for over 20 countries
in Latin America and Africa.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ADEQUATE PRENATAL CARE, AGED, BASIC EDUCATION, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BIRTH ATTENDANT, BIRTH ATTENDANTS, CITIZENS, COMPLETION RATES, DEMAND FOR EDUCATION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC STATUS, EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, ENROLLMENT OF CHILDREN, ENROLLMENT RATE, ENROLLMENT RATES, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES, EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITIES, EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY, FAMILIES, FEMALE, FEMALE EDUCATION, GENDER, GENDER EQUALITY, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH INDICATORS, HOME, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN POTENTIAL, IMMUNIZATION, INEQUALITIES, INEQUALITY, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, INTERVENTION, JUDGE, LABOR FORCE, LIVING STANDARDS, MATERNAL HEALTH, MIGRATION, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MOTHER, NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, NATIONAL LEVEL, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NURSE, NUTRITION, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POPULATION STUDIES, POSTNATAL CARE, PREGNANCY, PRIMARY COMPLETION, PRIMARY COMPLETION RATES, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY ENROLLMENT, PRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATES, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS, PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY, PRIVATE SCHOOLING, PRIVATE SCHOOLS, PROGRESS, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC SERVICES, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, RESPECT, RURAL AREAS, SANITATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS, SERVICE QUALITY, SKILLED BIRTH ATTENDANTS, SOCIAL ACTION, SOCIAL SCIENCE, SOCIAL SECTORS, TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, WILL