Sue's apple orchard
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FAO ;
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In conventional agricultural production, the most commonly used method of fighting plant diseases and pests is pesticide applications. However, the widespread, intensive and improper use of pesticides that have toxic effects has caused the balance of the ecosystem to break down. Water and soil have become polluted, and the soil less fertile. Pesticides also have adverse effects on non-target organisms, beneficial organisms that they are very important in agricultural production and animals that consume pesticide treated products. Pesticides have also been scientifically proven to cause acute and chronic health problems for both manufacturers and consumers. According to FAO statistics, when comparing the amount of pesticides used in the 1990s to the amount used in the 2010s, there has been an increase of more than 50 percent. It is, however, possible to produce without the use of pesticides or by minimizing the use of them. Environmentally friendly agricultural production can be done with approaches such as IPM, organic agriculture and agro-ecological production. In this book Sue uses more and more pesticides to protect her apples from maggots. As more pesticides are used, the maggots create resistance and are better able to withstand the pesticide, and the orchard is disappearing. Pheromones can be used to stop maggots from multiplying. Thanks to pheromones, the apples are not damaged. This way of getting rid of maggots means that there is no damage to nature or human health.