Geospatial flood impact assessment in Pakistan, 2025
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During August–September 2025, intense monsoon rainfall triggered widespread flooding across key agricultural regions of Pakistan, particularly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab and Sindh. This report presents a rapid, reproducible geospatial flood impact assessment designed to support emergency response and early recovery planning. Flood extent was mapped from Sentinel-1 SAR imagery at 10 m resolution and combined with FAO National Land Cover 2021 agricultural classes, newly developed province-wide crop-type maps for 2023, and WorldPop population data to quantify inundation over cropland and estimate population exposure at provincial and district levels. Results indicate that about 17 304 km² were inundated across the three provinces, including 14 498 km² of agricultural land, with Punjab most affected. An estimated 11.3 million people were living within flooded areas, and post-event observations in October 2025 show partial recession of floodwaters, indicating the start of recovery.