Simulated impact of vitamin A-fortified sugar on dietary adequacy and association of usual sugar intake with plasma and breast milk retinol among lactating Zambian women

Vista sencilla de ítem
dc.creatorHaile, Demewoz
dc.creatorEngle-Stone, Reina
dc.creatorCaswell, Bess
dc.creatorLuo, Hanqi
dc.creatorDodd, Kevin W.
dc.creatorArnold, Charles D.
dc.creatorJobarteh, Modou
dc.creatorGreene, Matthew
dc.creatorChipili, Mackford
dc.creatorHaskell, Marjorie J.
dc.creatorPalmer, Amanda C.
dc.date2025-10
dc.date2025-08-13T14:49:53Z
dc.date2025-08-13T14:49:53Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T15:07:04Z
dc.descriptionIn Zambia, mandatory sugar fortification with vitamin A (VA) has been implemented, but its impact on VA inadequacy and status has yet to be assessed. This study evaluated the contribution of VA-fortified sugar to dietary VA adequacy and the relationship between dietary intakes and VA status in 243 lactating women, based on 24-h dietary recalls in Mkushi, Zambia. We estimated usual intake distributions and the prevalence of VA adequacy using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method across five scenarios: without sugar fortification; with fortification at 3.1 or 8.8 mg/kg (median levels previously measured in Mkushi); at 10 mg/kg (the minimum legal requirement at the household level), and at 15 mg/kg (the minimum legal requirement at the factory level). We applied the regression calibration method to examine associations of usual intake of sugar and dietary VA with plasma and breast milk retinol concentrations. Without fortified sugar, the estimated prevalence of dietary VA inadequacy was 83% (standard error [SE]: 6). Projected reductions in VA inadequacy were 7 (SE: 6), 24 (SE: 14), 30 (SE: 15) and 47 (SE: 18) percentage points for sugar fortification at 3.1, 8.8, 10 and 15 mg/kg, respectively. Usual sugar intake was not significantly associated with plasma or breast milk retinol concentrations. The potential impacts of sugar fortification on VA intakes are limited if the programme is not implemented as planned. Even if the target fortification levels are achieved (10 mg/kg), sugar fortification alone is unlikely to eliminate dietary VA
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/176098
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/95051
dc.languageen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceHaile, Demewoz; Engle-Stone, Reina; Caswell, Bess; Luo, Hanqi; Dodd, Kevin W.; Arnold, Charles D.; et al. 2025. Simulated impact of vitamin A-fortified sugar on dietary adequacy and association of usual sugar intake with plasma and breast milk retinol among lactating Zambian women. Maternal and Child Nutrition 21(4): e70077. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.70077
dc.subjectdiet
dc.subjectlactation
dc.subjectretinol
dc.subjectplasma cells
dc.subjectsugar
dc.titleSimulated impact of vitamin A-fortified sugar on dietary adequacy and association of usual sugar intake with plasma and breast milk retinol among lactating Zambian women
dc.typeJournal Article

Archivos

Colecciones

Instituto Internacional de Investigación sobre Políticas Alimentarias (IFPRI)