Expanding Social Insurance Coverage in Urban China
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper first reviews the history of
social insurance policy and coverage in urban China,
documenting the evolution in the coverage of pensions and
medical and unemployment insurance for both local residents
and migrants, and highlighting obstacles to expanding
coverage. The paper then uses two waves of the China Urban
Labor Survey, conducted in 2005 and 2010, to examine the
correlates of social insurance participation before and
after implementation of the 2008 Labor Contract Law. A
higher labor tax wedge is associated with a lower
probability that local employed residents participate in
social insurance programs, but is not associated with
participation of wage-earning migrants, who are more likely
to be dissuaded by fragmentation of the social insurance
system. The existing gender gap in social insurance coverage
is explained by differences in coverage across industrial
sectors and firm ownership classes in which men and women work.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, ADMINISTRATIVE SOURCES, AGED, BENEFICIARIES, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, COMPENSATION, COMPETITIVENESS, CONTRIBUTION RATE, CONTRIBUTION RATES, DISABILITY, DISABILITY INSURANCE, DISCRIMINATION, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, ECONOMIC REVIEW, EXPENDITURES, FAMILIES, FAMILY SUPPORT, FEMALE, FINANCIAL RISK, GENDER, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDERS, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, HEALTH ECONOMICS, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE, HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS, HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM, HEALTH INSURANCE SYSTEM, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HOME, INFORMAL SECTOR, INFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INSURANCE, INSURANCE BENEFITS, INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS, INSURANCE COVERAGE, INSURANCE FUNDS, INSURANCE LAW, INSURANCE PLANS, INSURANCE SYSTEMS, LABOR LAW, LABOR LAWS, LAWS, LAYOFF, LIBERALIZATION, LOW INCOME, MARITAL STATUS, MATERNITY LEAVE, MEDICAL CARE, MEDICAL CARE COSTS, MEDICAL EXPENDITURE, MEDICAL EXPENSES, MEDICAL INSURANCE, MEDICAL SERVICES, MEDICAL SYSTEM, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, OLD AGE INSURANCE, PENSION, PENSION FUNDS, PENSIONS, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, PREGNANCY, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROGRAMS, PUBLIC HEALTH, REIMBURSEMENT RATES, RESIDENCE, RESIDENCES, RETIREMENT INCOME, SANCTION, SANCTIONS, SCREENING, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS, SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM, SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEMS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM, SOCIAL WELFARE, SUSTAINABILITY, TAKE HOME PAY, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE, WILL, WOMAN, WORK INJURY INSURANCE, WORKPLACE