Zambia - Commercial Value Chains in Zambian Agriculture : Do Smallholders Benefit?
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World Bank
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Agriculture and agroprocessing are
important in Zambia's economy, representing more than
40 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) and contributing
about 12 percent of national export earnings. Agriculture
employs some 67 percent of the labor force and supplies raw
materials to agricultural industries, which account for some
84 percent of manufacturing value-added in the country.
Smallholder agriculture dominates the rural economy. It
provides livelihoods for the overwhelming majority of rural
households. The commercialization of smallholder agriculture
is an important element of Zambia's strategy to
increase economic growth in an equitable manner and
diversify smallholder agriculture. This study therefore
asks: 'do Zambian smallholders benefit from greater
participation in value chains?' It provides an
evidence-based analysis of the benefits and constraints
associated with smallholders' integration into specific
commercial value chains. The study also investigates whether
the benefits of participating in these value chains can be
increased for smallholders and provides corresponding policy
and investment recommendations.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO CREDIT, ACCESS TO MARKET, ACCESS TO MARKETS, AGRIBUSINESS, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL CREDIT, AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, AGRICULTURAL MARKETING, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURE, AUCTION, AVERAGE COSTS, AVERAGE YIELDS, BASE YEAR, BENCHMARK, CABBAGES, CARROTS, CASH CROPS, CASH FLOW, CASH FLOW ANALYSIS, CASSAVA, COLLUSION, COMMERCIAL CROPS, COMMERCIAL FARMERS, COMMERCIAL VALUE, COMMERCIALIZATION, COMMODITY, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSUMER PRICE, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, CONTRACT FARMING, COOPERATIVES, COTTON, COTTON BOLLS, COTTON PRODUCTION, COTTON YIELDS, CREDIT PROVISION, CREDITS, CROP, CROP INSURANCE, CROP MANAGEMENT, CROP PRODUCTION, CROPPING, CULTIVATION, DEBT, DEFAULTERS, DIVERSIFICATION, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC MARKETS, DONOR AGENCIES, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC REFORMS, EGGPLANT, EMPLOYMENT, EMPOWERMENT, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATES, EXPLOITATION, EXPORT CROPS, EXPORT EARNINGS, EXPORT HORTICULTURE, EXPORT MARKET, EXPORT MARKETS, FAIR, FAMILY LABOR, FARM, FARM INCOME, FARM INCOMES, FARM MANAGEMENT, FARM PRODUCTIVITY, FARMER, FARMERS, FARMING, FARMING SYSTEMS, FARMS, FERTILIZER, FINANCIAL ASSETS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FINANCIAL VIABILITY, FINANCING COSTS, FIRST COMPANY, FOOD CROPS, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD PRODUCTS, FOOD SECURITY, FRESH FRUIT, FRUITS, GARLIC, GDP, GINNERIES, GREEN BEANS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS VALUE, HARVESTING, HORTICULTURAL CROPS, HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS, HORTICULTURE, HORTICULTURE SECTOR, HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INNOVATION, INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS, LABOR FORCE, LABORERS, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND MARKET, LOAN, LOAN RECOVERY, MAIZE, MAIZE PRODUCTION, MARKET EQUILIBRIUM, MARKET MANAGEMENT, MARKET PRICE, MARKET PRICES, MARKET TRANSPARENCY, MERCHANDISE, MERCHANDISE EXPORTS, MIDDLEMEN, NATURAL RESOURCES, NOMINAL INCOME, OKRA, ONIONS, OPPORTUNITY COST, OUTGROWER SCHEMES, OVERHEAD COSTS, PER CAPITA INCOME, PEST MANAGEMENT, PHYSICAL CAPITAL, PLANTING, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, POOR ACCESS, POOR CREDIT, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POTATOES, POTENTIAL YIELDS, PRICE COMPETITION, PRICE DISCOVERY, PRICE PROTECTION, PRICE TAKERS, PRICE VARIATIONS, PRICING MECHANISMS, PRODUCE, PRODUCTION COSTS, PRODUCTION SYSTEM, PRODUCTION SYSTEMS, PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES, PROFIT MARGIN, PROFIT MARGINS, PROFIT MAXIMIZATION, PROFITABILITY, PUBLIC INVESTMENTS, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, PURCHASING, QUALITATIVE VALUE, RAPE, RETAIL, RETAIL PRICE, SALE, SALES, SEED, SEED COTTON, SEEDS, SMALL-SCALE FARMERS, SMALLHOLDER, SMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURE, SMALLHOLDER FARMERS, SMALLHOLDER INCOMES, SMALLHOLDER PARTICIPATION, SMALLHOLDERS, SOCIAL CAPITAL, SOCIAL SECURITY, SPOT MARKET, STORAGE CAPACITY, SUBSTITUTE, SUGAR, SUGARCANE, SUPPLY CHAIN, SURPLUS, SURPLUSES, SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS, TECHNICAL SUPPORT, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TOBACCO, TOMATOES, TRADE POLICY, TRANSACTION COSTS, TURNOVER, UNION, UNSKILLED LABOR, URBAN AREAS, VEGETABLE CROPS, VEGETABLES, VILLAGE, VILLAGES, VOLATILITY, VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS, WAGES, WHOLESALER, WHOLESALERS, WORLD MARKET, YIELD INCREASE, YIELDS