Pathways to African Export Sustainability
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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This report provides tentative leads
toward such policy prescriptions, based on an overview of
the empirical evidence. Chapter one sets the stage by
putting Africa's export-survival performance into
perspective and proposing a framework that will guide the
interpretation of empirical evidence throughout the report.
Chapter two covers country-level determinants of export
sustainability at origin and destination, including the
exporting country's business environment. Chapter three
explores some of the firm-level evidence on what drives
export sustainability, including uncertainty, incomplete
contracts, learning, and networks. Finally, chapter four
offers tentative policy implications. The main conclusions
from this overview of the causes of Africa's low export
sustainability should be taken with caution both because of
the complexity of the issue and because of the very
fragmentary evidence on which the overview is based. The
author should be more cautious in drawing policy
implications, as hasty policy prescriptions are the most
common trap into which reports of this kind can fall. A
first, solid conclusion is that the author needs substantial
additional work on the nature and causes of low export
survival rates in developing countries to determine the path
to high export sustainability.
Palabras clave
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURE, APPAREL, APPAREL SECTOR, ARABLE LAND, ARBITRAGE, BENEFICIARY, BILATERAL TRADE, BROKERS, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, CALL OPTION, CAPITAL INTENSITIES, CAPITAL INTENSITY, CAPITAL PER WORKER, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, COMMON MARKET, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE INDEX, COMPARATIVE DISADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, CONSUMERS, CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT, CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS, CUSTOMS UNION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, DEVELOPMENT BANK, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DOLLAR VALUE, DOMESTIC MARKETS, DURABLE, DURABLE GOODS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC HISTORY, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC POLICY, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, ECONOMICS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, ECONOMISTS, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTS, EQUIPMENT, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPECTED RETURN, EXPECTED RETURNS, EXPORT BASE, EXPORT COSTS, EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION, EXPORT GROWTH, EXPORT MARKET, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORT PERFORMANCE, EXPORT SHARE, EXPORT SHARES, EXPORT STRUCTURE, EXPORT VOLUMES, EXPORTER, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, EXTREME POVERTY, FACTORS OF PRODUCTION, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FIXED COSTS, FOREIGN BUYERS, FOREIGN CURRENCY, FOREIGN FIRMS, FOREIGN MARKET, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, FUTURE GROWTH, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GLOBAL ECONOMY, GLOBAL MARKETS, GLOBAL TRADE, GRAVITY EQUATION, GRAVITY VARIABLES, HOME COUNTRIES, HOME CURRENCY, HUMAN CAPITAL, IMPACT OF TRADE, IMPORT PRICES, INCOME, INCOME LEVELS, INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL LAW, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, INTERNATIONAL STANDARD, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVENTORY, INVESTING, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, IRREVERSIBILITY, LABOR FORCE, LEGAL ENVIRONMENT, LIFE EXPECTANCIES, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIQUID MARKETS, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, LOW-INCOME COUNTRY, MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET ENTRY, MARKET ENVIRONMENT, MARKET STRUCTURE, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, MONETARY FUND, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEW MARKETS, NEW PRODUCTS, OIL, OPTION VALUE, OUTPUT, OVERVALUATION, PER CAPITA INCOME, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POPULATION DYNAMICS, PORTFOLIO, PORTFOLIOS, POSITIVE COEFFICIENT, POWER PARITY, PREFERENTIAL TRADE, PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT, PRESENT VALUE, PRICE COMPETITION, PRICE DIFFERENCES, PRODUCERS, PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION, PURCHASING POWER, REGIONAL DUMMIES, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL TRADE, REGIONAL TRADE INTEGRATION, REGIONALISM, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, REGULATORY REGIMES, REPUTATION, RULES OF ORIGIN, SMALL COUNTRIES, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, STOCKS, SUNK COSTS, TARIFF BARRIERS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TRADE COSTS, TRADE DATA, TRADE FACILITATION, TRADE FLOWS, TRADE POLICY, TRADE PREFERENCES, TRADE PROMOTION, TRADE REFORM, TRADE RELATIONSHIPS, TRADE VALUES, TRADES, TRADING, TRANSACTION, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRUST FUND, TURNOVER, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNSKILLED LABOR, VARIABLE COSTS, VOLATILITY, WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, WORLD MARKETS, WORLD TRADE