Notes on vertical photography of elephants for age determination

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International Livestock Centre for Africa

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Reviews some of the sources of error in two methods of estimating the age structures of elephant populations from vertical photography relating the lengths of back to age; compares the two methods by reference to elephants of known age in Manyara National Park of Tanzania and Amboseli National Park of Kenya; includes recommendations for future elephant surveys involving estimates of age from aerial photographs.

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elephants, age determination, aerial surveying, photography, bias, recommendations

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