Poland - The Functioning of the Labor, Land and Financial Markets : Opportunities and Constraints for Farming Sector Restructuring
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Washington, DC
Resumen
Descripción
This study identifies several factors
that inhibit efficiency improvements in the farming sector,
both in themselves and through the dynamics of their mutual
interaction. The study observes that incentives faced in the
labor market have important implications for the land
structure and, and in many ways, are at the heart of the
problem of low labor productivity in agriculture. The study
finds that, while rural households are increasingly
diversifying their income sources out of farming, they have
not moved away from rural areas because of the incentives to
hold onto small agriculture plots and because of the high
costs of formal employment outside agriculture. Instead,
households have increasingly relied on so-called unearned
income (pension benefits and other social transfers) and
settled for informal employment in rural areas. This has
done little to advance the social condition of rural
households, or to improve agricultural productivity. This
incentive to hold onto small agricultural plots, as well as
other factors limiting the availability of land for
commercial farming, has lead to an increasingly polarized
land structure, with small farms becoming smaller, and large
farms consolidating, albeit slowly.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE, ARABLE LAND, ASSETS, COLLATERAL, CONSOLIDATION, COOPERATIVE BANKS, CREDIT RATIONING, ELASTICITIES, EMPLOYMENT, EQUIPMENT, FARMERS, FARMING, FARMS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FISCAL YEAR, FISHING, HOUSING, INCOME, INCOMES, INTEREST RATES, LABOR COSTS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LAND PRODUCTIVITY, LAND USE, LOW INCOME, MACROECONOMICS, MARKET ECONOMIES, MARKETING, MICROECONOMICS, NGOS, PENSIONS, PERSONAL SAVINGS, PRIVATIZATION, PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY, RETIREMENT, RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME, SAVINGS, SAVINGS ACCOUNTS, STATE BANKS, STREAMS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSPORTATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, WAGES, WATER SUPPLY FARM SECTOR, RESTRUCTURING, LAND MARKETS, LABOR MARKETS, RURAL LAND USE, LAND MARKETS, FARM SIZE, RURAL CREDIT, CREDIT MARKETS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, CREDIT RATIONING, NONFARM ENTERPRISES, NONFARM INCOME, NONFARM SELF-EMPLOYMENT, FARM FAMILIES, AGRICULTURAL LAND, CONSOLIDATION, PENSIONS, SOCIAL TRANSFERS, INFORMAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, LAND ACQUISITION, AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES