Biological Resource Management : Integrating Biodiversity Concerns in Rural Development Projects and Programs
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The aim of this study is to improve
understanding of how biological resource conservation
concerns can be better incorporated into projects and
programs that primarily address the objective of rural
development rather than environmental conservation. A
multi-disciplinary study team was assembled and six
background papers produced, along with the main overview
paper. The six papers were on: 1) measuring biodiversity,
predicting impacts, and monitoring change; 2) integrated
pest management and biodiversity conservation; 3)
biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes in
Britain: relevant issues for developing countries; 4)
reconciling biodiversity and development issues in practice;
the search for a win-win situation in Ghana's coastal
wetlands; 5) strategies for biodiversity conservation:
examples from Tanzania; and 6) participatory initiatives in
biodiversity conservation: lessons from experience. A study
was also made of World Bank policies and procedures relating
to biodiversity management and rural development together
with three portfolio reviews. These findings were
incorporated into this paper. This paper argues that
bioresources and people's livelihood systems are
intricately interrelated, and opportunities for intervention
for development purposes must start from good understanding
of different people's access to and use and management
of these resources, and also the incentives, constraints,
and institutional factors governing the process.
Palabras clave
ADVERSE EFFECTS, AGRICULTURAL FIELDS, AGRICULTURE, ANIMALS, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, BIOLOGY, BIOSPHERE, CARBON, CLIMATE, COASTAL WETLANDS, COMMON PROPERTY, COMPOST, COMPOSTING, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, CONSERVATION, CROP PRODUCTION, CROPS, CULTIVARS, CULTIVATION, DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES, DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, DIRECT VALUE, ECOLOGY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GOODS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INCENTIVES, ECONOMIC STRUCTURES, ECONOMIC UTILITY, ECONOMIC VALUE, ECOSYSTEMS, ENDANGERED SPECIES, ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLANS, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, EXISTENCE VALUE, EXISTENCE VALUES, EXTERNAL COSTS, FARMS, FERTILITY, FOREST LAND, FORESTRY, FORESTS, FRUIT, GENES, GENETIC MATERIAL, GENETIC RESOURCES, GENETIC VARIABILITY, GRASSES, GROUNDWATER, HABITAT, HABITATS, HOUSING, HUMAN ACTIVITIES, HUMAN ACTIVITY, HUNTING, INCOME, INDIRECT USE, INTRINSIC VALUE, LANDRACES, LEGISLATION, LEISURE, LOCAL BIODIVERSITY, LOGGING, MARGINAL AREAS, MULCH, NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLANS, NATIONAL PARKS, NATURAL CAPITAL, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURAL SELECTION, NATURE, NON-USE VALUES, NUTRIENT CYCLING, OPPORTUNITY COST, PESTS, PLANTATIONS, POPULATION GROWTH, PREDATORS, PRESERVATION, PRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS, PRODUCTIVITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROTECTED AREAS, PUBLIC GOOD, RECREATION, RECYCLING, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SCARCITY VALUE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TIMBER, TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE, UNCERTAINTY, USE VALUE, VALUATION, VARIETY, VEGETATION, WASTE ASSIMILATION, WATERSHED, WETLANDS, WHALES, WILDERNESS, WILDLIFE, WILDLIFE CONSERVATION BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT, RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, PROJECT DESIGN, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, PEST MANAGEMENT, STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT, PARTICIPATORY PROCESS