Evaluative Lessons for Agriculture and Agribusiness
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Agricultural investments made by
developing countries and multilateral development banks
(MDBs) have declined in recent decades. This decline is
associated with a slowdown in the growth of agriculture
productivity. Most development institutions have recognized
the damage caused by this past neglect, in part evident in
rising food prices, and renewed attention to agriculture and
agribusiness is emerging. But this renewed interest will
need to deliver results, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa,
where the MDBs have had the least success but where the
needs and opportunities are enormous. This paper synthesizes
recent work by the independent evaluation agency members of
the Evaluation Cooperation Group (ECG) and incorporates
lessons from related research by MDBs and from the academic
literature on agriculture and agribusiness. The objectives
of the paper, in addition to distilling evaluative lessons
for agriculture and agribusiness, are to examine the key
constraints on the sector and to provide evaluators,
operational staff, and policy makers with an evaluative
perspective on interventions in countries at different
stages of development.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO CREDIT, ADB, ADVERSE EFFECTS, AFDB, AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, AFRICAN FARMERS, AGRIBUSINESS, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL AREAS, AGRICULTURAL BANKS, AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AGRICULTURAL CREDIT, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT, AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENTS, AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES, AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS, AGRICULTURAL R&D, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS, AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION, AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM, AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION, AGRICULTURE PROJECTS, ANIMAL DISEASES, ANIMAL FEED, ANIMAL HEALTH, APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY, ARABLE LAND, ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, ASSETS, BEEF, BENCHMARK, BENCHMARKING, BEVERAGES, BIODIVERSITY, BIOTECHNOLOGY, BREEDING, BUSINESS PLANS, CAPACITY BUILDING, CASSAVA, CEREAL YIELDS, CEREALS, CGIAR, CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMMODITY CROPS, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, CONSUMERS, CORN, COTTON, COTTON PRODUCTION, CROP, CROP HARVEST, CROP PRODUCTION, CROP VARIETIES, CROP YIELDS, CROPPING, CROPPING SYSTEMS, CROPS, DECENTRALIZATION, DEFORESTATION, DEMAND FOR FOOD, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, DEVELOPMENT BANKS, DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS, DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, DISEASE CONTROL, DISEASES, DONOR AGENCIES, DRAINAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, EXPORTS, EXTENSION, EXTENSION SERVICES, FAO, FARM PRODUCTS, FARMER PARTICIPATION, FARMERS, FARMERS RIGHTS, FARMING, FARMING SYSTEMS, FARMLAND, FARMS, FERTILIZERS, FINANCIAL CRISES, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FISH, FOOD COMMODITIES, FOOD DEMAND, FOOD NEEDS, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PROCESSING, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD PRODUCTS, FOOD SAFETY, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SHORTAGES, FORESTRY, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GLOBAL FOOD SUPPLY, GLOBAL WARMING, GRAIN, GREEN REVOLUTION, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROWTH RATE, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUNGER, IDB, IFAD, IFPRI, INCOME, INCOMES, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS, INNOVATION, INTEGRATION, INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTERS, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, IRRIGATION, IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, LAND REFORM, LIVESTOCK, MAIZE, MARKETING, MEAT, MEAT PRODUCTION, MEATS, MICROFINANCE, MILK, MILLET, NARS, NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEM, NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS, NATIONAL ECONOMIES, NATIONAL RESEARCH, NATIONAL RESEARCH SYSTEM, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, NUTRITION, OVERVALUED EXCHANGE RATES, PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES, PEST CONTROL, PESTICIDES, PESTS, PLANT HEALTH, PLANT PROTECTION, POPULATION GROWTH, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCTION INPUTS, PRODUCTIVE ASSETS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES, PROJECT LOANS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC GOOD, RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS, RICE, RICE RESEARCH, ROOT CROPS, ROOTS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL ROADS, SEEDS, SOIL CONSERVATION, SOIL EROSION, SOIL HEALTH, SOIL NUTRIENTS, SOILS, SORGHUM, SOYBEANS, SUGAR, SUGAR BEET, TAXATION, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE CONSULTATIVE GROUP, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE REFORMS, TUBERS, UNITED NATIONS, UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, WATER RESOURCES, WATER USE EFFICIENCY, WHEAT, WORKING CAPITAL, WORLD BANK LENDING