Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources and Adaptation in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in Nicaragua

World Bank

Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources and Adaptation in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in Nicaragua

Autores

Descripción

Climate change is at the top of the development agenda in Central America. This region, together with the Caribbean, is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change in Latin America. Climate change is manifesting itself through higher average temperatures and more frequent droughts that result in higher water stress, and through the rising frequency of extreme weather events such as tropical storms, hurricanes, floods and landslides, all of which pose significant challenges in the rural water supply and sanitation sector. The paper starts with a review of the historic data on temperature and precipitation trends in Central America and particularly at the regional level in Nicaragua. The data reveal a clear trend of the growing climate variability, increased water stress for crops, and greater frequency of extreme weather events. The rising intensity and frequency of ex-treme weather events is among the most critical risks to the region's development agenda, and they translate into high economic losses. This paper examines the impacts and implications of potential climate change on water resources in Nicaragua and makes key recommendations to integrate climate change and rural water supply and sanitation policies and programs in a way that increase resilience to current and future climate conditions.
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Palabras clave

AFFORESTATION, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION, AIR, AIR QUALITY, AQUEDUCTS, AQUIFER, AQUIFER RECHARGE, AQUIFERS, ARSENIC, ATMOSPHERE, AVAILABLE WATER, AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BUFFER ZONES, CAPACITY BUILDING, CARBON, CARBON EMISSION, CARBON SINK, CATTLE RAISING, CHEMICAL PROCESSES, CHEMICALS, CHILD MORTALITY, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGES, CLIMATE DATA, CLIMATE IMPACTS, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATOLOGY, COASTAL ZONES, COASTS, COLORS, COMMUNITY MEMBERS, COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS, COMMUNITY WATER, CONSTRUCTION, COVERING, CROP CULTIVATION, CROP DIVERSIFICATION, CROP PRODUCTION, CUBIC METERS, CYCLONES, DAMS, DECISION MAKERS, DEFORESTATION, DEMAND FOR WATER, DEMAND MANAGEMENT, DESALINATION, DISTRIBUTION OF WATER, DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, DOMESTIC USE, DOMESTIC WATER, DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY, DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, DRINKING WATER, DRINKING WATER QUALITY, DRINKING WATER SUPPLY, DROUGHT, ECOSYSTEM, EL NINO, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSION SCENARIO, EMISSION SCENARIOS, EMISSIONS, ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EVAPORATION, FILTRATION, FLOODING, FLOODS, FOOD INSECURITY, FOREST, FOREST COVER, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FRESHWATER, FRESHWATER RESOURCES, GAS, GCM, GHG, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GRAVITY, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER QUALITY, GROUNDWATER RECHARGE, GROUNDWATER RESOURCES, GROUNDWATER SOURCES, HIGH LEVELS, HORIZONTAL WELLS, HOUSEHOLD USE, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN WASTE, HURRICANES, HYDROLOGICAL MODEL, HYDROLOGY, HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, IPCC, IRRIGATION, IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT, IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, IRRIGATION WATER, LAND COVER, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGE, LAND USE PRACTICES, METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS, METEOROLOGY, MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES, MUNICIPAL LEVEL, MUNICIPAL WATER, MUNICIPALITIES, NATURAL RECHARGE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, PIT LATRINES, POLLUTION, PONDS, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION GROWTH, POTABLE WATER, POTABLE WATER SUPPLY, PP, PRESSURE, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUMPING, PUMPING SYSTEMS, PUMPS, QUALITY OF WATER, QUALITY STANDARDS, RAIN, RAINWATER, RAINWATER HARVESTING, RECYCLING, REGIONAL GOVERNMENT, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RESERVOIRS, RETROFITTING, RIVER BASINS, RIVERS, RUNOFF, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL WATER, RURAL WATER SUPPLY, RURAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS, SAFE DRINKING WATER, SALINE INTRUSION, SANITATION, SANITATION COMMITTEE, SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE, SANITATION SECTOR, SANITATION SYSTEMS, SECTORAL ALLOCATIONS, SEDIMENTS, SOIL EROSION, SOLID WASTE, SOURCES OF WATER, SPRINGS, STORMWATER, SUGAR CANE, SUPPLY OF WATER, SURFACE TEMPERATURE, SURFACE WATER, SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE, SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, SURFACE WATER QUALITY, SUSTAINABLE USE, SUSTAINABLE WATER, TREATMENT PLANTS, TROPICAL STORMS, UNDERGROUND STORAGE, USE OF WATER, VARIABLE RAINFALL, WASTEWATER, WASTEWATER REUSE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WATER AUTHORITY, WATER AVAILABILITY, WATER CONSERVATION, WATER CONTAMINATION, WATER CONVEYANCE, WATER DEMAND, WATER DISTRIBUTION, WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, WATER FLOWS, WATER INFRASTRUCTURE, WATER MANAGEMENT, WATER MARKETS, WATER METERING, WATER POLLUTION, WATER PRICING, WATER PRODUCTION, WATER QUALITY, WATER RESEARCH, WATER RESOURCE, WATER RESOURCES, WATER RESOURCES CONSERVATION, WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, WATER SCARCITY, WATER SECTOR, WATER SOURCE, WATER SOURCES, WATER SUPPLIES, WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS, WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS, WATER SYSTEMS, WATER TABLE, WATER TRANSFERS, WATER USE, WATER USERS, WATER WELLS, WATER WITHDRAWALS, WATERSHED, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, WATERSHEDS, WELL MAINTENANCE, WELLS