Development Reversed
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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The combined impacts of multiple
negative shocks, including the Covid-19 pandemic and the
February 2021 military coup, have brought poverty headcount,
depth, and severity in Myanmar back to levels last seen in
2015. Poverty estimation exercises based on unofficial
household survey data involve statistical uncertainties.
However, trends in household well-being indicators studied
in this report robustly point to a rise in poverty between
2017 and 2023. These trends underscore significant reversals
from Myanmar’s experience of sustained poverty reduction
until 2020, which was driven by fast economic growth and an
expansion of its manufacturing and services sectors. While
poverty has risen compared to the last six years and remains
highest in rural areas, it has surged particularly rapidly
in urban areas and among individuals with higher human
capital endowments. The decline in living standards among
urban households - especially those that belong to lower and
middle-income families - has likely contributed to a
reduction in inequality. Poverty estimates in this report
are lower than other recently available estimates for
Myanmar, largely due to methodological differences and the
statistical uncertainties associated with such exercises. In
urban areas, poverty has risen between 2017 and 2023, with a
substantial decline in consumption among urban lower and
middle-income households. The remaining report proceeds as
follows: Chapter 1 provides the headline estimates of
Myanmar’s poverty by location and household characteristics.
Chapter 2 uses a labor market lens to understand the
emerging trends in poverty. Technical details related to the
updated methodology can be found in the Appendix 1. Appendix
2 provides key estimates of labor market indicators from
MSPS at the subnational level.
Palabras clave
ECONOMIC GROWTH, POVERTY, HUMAN CAPITAL AND GROWTH, CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19), NO POVERTY, SDG 1, GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING, SDG 3, DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, SDG 8