Strengthening inter-institutional coordination for the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation in national, regional and local public policies in Chile
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Chile has highly endemic biodiversity and very diverse ecosystems, with the central and southern regions considered among the 35 biodiversity hotspots globally. The country has demonstrated a strong commitment to the conservation and sustainable use of its natural resources, but threats associated with anthropic pressure persist both inside and outside protected areas (PA), such as habitat loss due to productive activities, pollution, climate change with its droughts and fires, invasive alien species, among others. Consequently, a total of 766 species are threatened (critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable), critical ecosystems such as the sclerophyllous forest of the Mediterranean area increased their loss rate by 185% between 2014 and 2018, and 58% of fishery species are overexploited. In its efforts to control and mitigate these threats as well as comply with various international commitments, the country has declared more than 19 million hectares (20%) of the continental area and about 42% of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) at sea under some form of protection, but in practice these areas have low management and enforcement power due to limited funding.