Trade Liberalization and Export Variety
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The issue of measuring product variety
has received relatively little attention due to its inherent
difficulty. In the language of index numbers, an expansion
in the range of inputs or outputs is a 'new goods'
problem: a good that is newly available will have an
observed price and quantity, but no corresponding price or
quantity the year before. The availability of this new good
will yield a welfare gain to consumers, as well as a
productivity gain to firms buying the new input. In this
paper we show how product variety can be measured in the
case of a CES aggregator function. This paper is organized
as: after reviewing the literature on the 'new
goods' problem in section two, then discuss how to
measure export variety in section three. In sections four
and five discuss the empirical applications to export
variety growth in Mexico and China. Regression results
relating trade liberalization to industry export variety are
presented in section six, and conclusions are given in
section seven.
Palabras clave
AGGREGATE EXPORTS, AGGREGATE TRADE, AGGREGATE TRADE FLOWS, AGRICULTURE, APPAREL, AVERAGE TARIFF, AVERAGE TARIFFS, CHANGES IN TRADE, COMPETITION EFFECT, CONSTRUCTION, CONSUMERS, DEMAND CURVE, DEMAND SHOCKS, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DISCUSSION, ECONOMIC STATISTICS, ELASTICITY, ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION, ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY, EXPORT, EXPORTS, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AREA, GDP, GLOBAL ECONOMY, GLOBALIZATION, GROWTH MODELS, GROWTH RATE, HIGH TARIFFS, IDEA, IMPERFECT COMPETITION, IMPORT RESTRICTIONS, INCOME, INDEX NUMBERS, INNOVATION, INNOVATIONS, INTERNATIONAL PRICES, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, LEADING, LOW TARIFFS, MACROECONOMICS, MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION, NATURAL RESOURCES, POLITICAL ECONOMY, PRICE INDEX, PRICE INDEXES, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, PRODUCTION PROCESS, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, REDUCTION IN TARIFFS, TARIFF BARRIERS, TARIFF DATA, TARIFF REDUCTION, TARIFF REDUCTIONS, TARIFF SCHEDULE, TRADE AGREEMENT, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE DATA, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE POLICY, VALUATION, VALUE OF EXPORTS, VALUE OF IMPORTS, VARIETY, WEALTH, WELFARE GAINS, WORLD TRADE, WTO