Draft Report: Preliminary Regional Review and Gap Analysis
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The MENA region is the most food import–dependent region in the world, and net food imports are projected to rise even further in the future. Net food imports have accounted for 25–50 percent of national consumption (IFPRI, 2012), and this high reliance on imported food can be attributed to both demand- and supply-side factors. Demand-side factors include rising population and changing consumption patterns due to higher income. The MENA population tripled from 100 million in 1960 to more than 30 0 million people in 2006 and is projected to continue to grow at an annual rate of 1.7 percent. Shifting demand patterns from staples to higher-value food products, combined with limited potential for land expansion, will further increase the region’s food trade deficit. Supply-side factors include limited natural resources such as land and water.