Viet Nam - Bi-Annual Poverty and Equity Update
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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Recent poverty and equity dynamics in
Viet Nam can be described across three distinct phases.
First, at the start of the decade, there was rapid poverty
reduction accompanied by declining inequality. From 2010-14,
both poverty and inequality fell due to large shifts in
labor from agriculture into manufacturing and services jobs.
Most of these non-farm jobs were still low-skilled, and
agricultural laborers could easily shift into these new
jobs. This was followed by a period of poverty reduction but
accompanied by slightly rising inequality from 2014-20.
During this period, structural transformation continued, but
as non-farm wages increased rapidly, farming income did not
rise as quickly and more recently has even declined. Lastly,
in 2022, after extended adverse impacts related to the
COVID-19 pandemic, household consumption growth declined
compared to 2020, and income growth slowed. Dynamics during
this distinctive and short period from 2020 to 2022 is the
focus of analysis in Part 1 of this report. Preserving gains
and developing opportunities in urban areas are important
for Viet Nam’s Next Mile to upper middle and high-income
country status. Over the last decade, rapid economic growth
was broadly inclusive and livelihoods in Viet Nam improved
dramatically and in a progressive manner. Given the
substantial success in poverty reduction, the poverty and
equity agenda in Viet Nam today is no longer only about
raising minimum living standards and tackling extreme
poverty. It is also about creating new and sustainable
economic pathways for a more aspirational population.
Development and economic opportunities in urban areas are
key to sustaining upwards economic mobility for the millions
who have left poverty and now seek even higher economic gains.
Palabras clave
POVERTY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, INCLUSIVE CITIES, INEQUALITY AND SHARED PROSPERITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH ANALYTICS, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, NO POVERTY, SDG 1, DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, SDG 8, REDUCED INEQUALITIES, SDG 10, SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES, SDG 11