Demographic change in coastal fishing communities and its implications for the coastal environment.
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Increase in the number of fishers as a result of population growth and migration to coastal fishing communities can be a contributing factor in the overexploitation of fisheries resources and deterioration of the coastal environment. The findings UNFPA-FAO project, “Strengthening of research and training on population and development dynamics of rural fishing communities” suggest that contrary to the assumed global trend, the number of coastal fishers has started to decline or stagnate in recent years in some developing countries. The findings further suggest that artisanal fisheries no longer are a "last resort employment" for people in some coastal areas. Access to alternative employment opportunities and occupational mobility because of higher levels of education and general economic development as well as Government policies aiming to reduce fishing effort and conserve the coastal environment are among the reasons which have contributed to the change. Also, contrary to other reports, levels of fertility and infant mortality in fishing communities were found not to be much higher than those in farming communities.