Health Investments and Economic Growth : Macroeconomic Evidence and Microeconomic Foundations

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dc.creatorJack, William
dc.creatorLewis, Maureen
dc.date2012-03-19T19:09:30Z
dc.date2012-03-19T19:09:30Z
dc.date2009-03-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:58:57Z
dc.descriptionThis paper reviews the correlations and potential links between health and economic growth and summarizes the evidence on the role of government in improving health status. At the macroeconomic level, the evidence of an impact of health on growth remains ambiguous due both to difficulties in measuring health, and to the methodological challenges of identifying causal links. The evidence on the micro linkages from health investments to productivity and income are robust. Progress in life expectancy over the past two centuries has been spectacular, fueled by: improved agriculture that has increased food quantity; knowledge of disease transmission, and effective public health interventions that have controlled communicable diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and hookworm; and, most recently and importantly, investments in very young children that pay off in healthier and more productive adults. Whether public investments in medical care affect health hinges on the quality of health institutions. In much of the developing world, factors such as chronic absenteeism among public providers, poor budget execution, ineffective management, and virtually no accountability weaken public efforts. Institutional issues are central in efforts to enhance public health investments, which in turn have a direct impact on the population's welfare and, perhaps over the long term, improvements in national income.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090325162956
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/4072
dc.identifier10.1596/1813-9450-4877
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/413834
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relationPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4877
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectACCESS TO HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectADULT LITERACY
dc.subjectADULT MORTALITY
dc.subjectADULT MORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectADVERSE SELECTION
dc.subjectAGGREGATE INCOME
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectBASIC SANITATION
dc.subjectBLINDNESS
dc.subjectCANCER
dc.subjectCAPITAL INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY RATES
dc.subjectCITIES
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCIVIL WAR
dc.subjectCLEAN WATER
dc.subjectCLINICS
dc.subjectCOHORT STUDIES
dc.subjectCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES
dc.subjectCOST-EFFECTIVENESS
dc.subjectCYCLE OF POVERTY
dc.subjectDEATHS
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDECLINES IN MORTALITY
dc.subjectDELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
dc.subjectDETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEWORMING
dc.subjectDISADVANTAGED CHILDREN
dc.subjectDISSEMINATION
dc.subjectDOCTORS
dc.subjectDRINKING WATER
dc.subjectDRUGS
dc.subjectEARLY CHILDHOOD
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC OUTCOMES
dc.subjectECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEFFECTIVE POLICIES
dc.subjectELDERLY
dc.subjectEPIDEMIC
dc.subjectEPIDEMICS
dc.subjectEPIDEMIOLOGY
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXTENDED FAMILIES
dc.subjectFEMALE EDUCATION
dc.subjectFOOD PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFOOD SUPPLEMENTS
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectGOOD GOVERNANCE
dc.subjectGREEN REVOLUTION
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE OF POPULATION
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE COSTS
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE DELIVERY
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE SPENDING
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE SYSTEMS
dc.subjectHEALTH CONDITIONS
dc.subjectHEALTH CONSEQUENCES
dc.subjectHEALTH INDICATORS
dc.subjectHEALTH INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectHEALTH INTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectHEALTH INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectHEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectHEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subjectHEALTH POLICIES
dc.subjectHEALTH POLICY
dc.subjectHEALTH PROBLEMS
dc.subjectHEALTH PROFESSIONS
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICE
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH STATUS
dc.subjectHEALTH WORKERS
dc.subjectHIGH DEATH RATES
dc.subjectHIV
dc.subjectHIV/AIDS
dc.subjectHOSPITAL
dc.subjectHOSPITAL AUTONOMY
dc.subjectHOSPITALS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD WORK
dc.subjectHUMAN ACTIVITY
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHYGIENE
dc.subjectILL HEALTH
dc.subjectILLNESSES
dc.subjectIMMUNIZATIONS
dc.subjectIMPACT ON HEALTH
dc.subjectIMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME EFFECTS
dc.subjectINCOME GROUPS
dc.subjectINCOME GROWTH
dc.subjectINDIVIDUAL HEALTH
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectINFANTS
dc.subjectINFECTION RATES
dc.subjectINFECTIOUS DISEASES
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectINTERVENTION
dc.subjectINVESTMENT IN CHILDREN
dc.subjectINVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION
dc.subjectIODINE DEFICIENCY
dc.subjectIRON
dc.subjectJOB TRAINING
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLAND PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectLEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH
dc.subjectLITERACY RATES
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectLOWER FERTILITY
dc.subjectMALARIA
dc.subjectMALNOURISHED CHILDREN
dc.subjectMARGINAL COST
dc.subjectMARGINAL COSTS
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURES
dc.subjectMEDICAID
dc.subjectMEDICAL CARE
dc.subjectMEDICAL FACILITIES
dc.subjectMEDICAL PERSONNEL
dc.subjectMEDICAL PROCEDURES
dc.subjectMEDICAL SERVICES
dc.subjectMEDICAL SUPPLIES
dc.subjectMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectMEDICAL TREATMENT
dc.subjectMEDICAL TREATMENTS
dc.subjectMENTAL HEALTH
dc.subjectMENTAL ILLNESS
dc.subjectMORBIDITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY DECLINES
dc.subjectMORTALITY LEVELS
dc.subjectMORTALITY REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectMOTHER
dc.subjectNATIONAL HEALTH
dc.subjectNATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE
dc.subjectNATURE OF HEALTH
dc.subjectNONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectNUTRITIONAL STATUS
dc.subjectONCHOCERCIASIS CONTROL
dc.subjectONCHOCERCIASIS CONTROL PROGRAM
dc.subjectORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY
dc.subjectORPHANS
dc.subjectPARENTING
dc.subjectPATIENT
dc.subjectPATIENTS
dc.subjectPHYSICIAN
dc.subjectPHYSICIANS
dc.subjectPOLICY GUIDANCE
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOOR HEALTH
dc.subjectPOPULATION CHANGES
dc.subjectPOPULATION SIZE
dc.subjectPRACTITIONERS
dc.subjectPREGNANT WOMEN
dc.subjectPREMATURE DEATH
dc.subjectPRENATAL CARE
dc.subjectPRIMARY HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPROBABILITY
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPROVIDER PAYMENT
dc.subjectPSYCHOLOGY
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH CARE SERVICES
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH SPENDING
dc.subjectPUBLIC HOSPITALS
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICIES
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectPUBLIC PROVIDERS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SPENDING
dc.subjectQUALITY OF HEALTH
dc.subjectQUALITY OF LIFE
dc.subjectQUARANTINE
dc.subjectRESEARCH CENTERS
dc.subjectRICHER COUNTRIES
dc.subjectRICHER PEOPLE
dc.subjectRISK FACTORS
dc.subjectSAFETY NET
dc.subjectSANITATION
dc.subjectSCARCE RESOURCES
dc.subjectSCHOOL ATTENDANCE
dc.subjectSCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSIBLINGS
dc.subjectSKILL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSMOKING
dc.subjectSOCIAL NETWORKS
dc.subjectSOCIAL RETURNS
dc.subjectSURGERY
dc.subjectSURVIVAL RATE
dc.subjectUNDER-FIVE MORTALITY
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectVACCINES
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectYOUNG CHILDREN
dc.titleHealth Investments and Economic Growth : Macroeconomic Evidence and Microeconomic Foundations

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