Sri Lanka - Demographic Transition : Facing the Challenges of an Aging Population with Few Resources

World Bank

Sri Lanka - Demographic Transition : Facing the Challenges of an Aging Population with Few Resources

Autores

World Bank

Editor

Washington, DC

Descripción

As a result of low fertility rates and high life expectancy, the current demographic trends in Sri Lanka include a declining share of children and increasing share of elderly, and (for now) an increasing working age population. Sri Lanka has a unique window of opportunity to take advantage of the high share of working age population to stimulate economic growth, but the other two emerging population issues spur questions on their own. In this context, the report discusses some of the economic implications of demographic transition in Sri Lanka, focusing on employment and productivity related issues on one side; and performance of cash transfer programs aiming to assist the poor and vulnerable groups on the other. This report quantifies Sri Lanka's demographic change by providing updated population projections and by applying National Transfers Accounts methodology documenting how the demographic change and aging contribute to life-cycle deficit and to Sri Lanka's employment and labor market. The challenges and opportunities associated with the upcoming demographic transition are highlighted, focusing on the functioning of the labor markets and the social safety net system. The report discusses different avenues that the country can take to make its labor market more efficient and inclusive, and offset some of the disadvantages faced by the poor and vulnerable households. The analysis in this report suggests that timely policy actions can enable Sri Lanka to effectively cope with its changing demographic structure.

Palabras clave

ADULT EDUCATION, AGE CATEGORY, AGE DISTRIBUTION, AGE GROUP, AGE GROUPS, AGED WORKERS, ALLEVIATION OF POVERTY, BREAST CANCER, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CERVICAL CANCER, CHILD REARING, CHILD-CARE, CIVIL UNREST, CIVIL WAR, CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD, DECLINES IN MORTALITY, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS, DEPENDENCY BURDEN, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DEPENDENCY RATIOS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISABILITY, DISCRIMINATION, DISMISSAL, DISPLACEMENT, DRIVERS, DRUGS, EARNING, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, ELDERLY, ELDERLY POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT POLICY, EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION, EMPLOYMENT SECURITY, EMPLOYMENT TRENDS, FAMILY STRUCTURES, FAMILY TIES, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATE, FERTILITY RATES, FERTILITY TRANSITION, FIRST BIRTH, FIRST MARRIAGE, FOOD SUPPLIES, FORMAL EDUCATION, FUTURE POPULATION, GENDER BALANCE, GENDER EQUITY, GENDER GAP, GENDER PARITY, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICES, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD DUTIES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, IMPACT OF CONFLICT, IMPACT OF EDUCATION, IMPACT OF POPULATION, IMPORTANT POLICY, INCOME PROFILE, INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATES, INFORMAL SECTOR, INFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION, JOB CREATION, JOB SEARCH, JOB SECURITY, JOBS, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR MIGRANTS, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR REGULATIONS, LEGISLATORS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIMITED RESOURCES, LOW FERTILITY, MALARIA, MARITAL FERTILITY, MARRIED WOMEN, MIDWIFE, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MORTALITY, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NUMBER OF WOMEN, NUTRITION, NUTRITIONAL NEEDS, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF WOMEN, OCCUPATIONS, OLD AGE, OLD-AGE, OLDER WORKERS, OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN, PENSIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POOR HEALTH, POPULATION CHANGE, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH TRENDS, POPULATION ISSUES, POPULATION PLANNING, POPULATION PROJECTIONS, POPULATION SIZE, PRIMARY OBJECTIVE, PRIVATE COSTS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES, PRIVATE SECTOR WORKERS, PRIVATE TRANSFERS, PROGRAM DESIGN, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES, PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS, PUBLIC SERVICE, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC SUPPORT, REFUGEES, REMITTANCES, REPLACEMENT LEVEL, REPRODUCTIVE AGE, REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR, REPRODUCTIVE LIFE, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS, RESPECT, RETIREMENT, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL WOMEN, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SCHOOL AGE, SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN, SECONDARY SCHOOLING, SECURITY SITUATION, SELF-EMPLOYMENT INCOME, SERVANTS, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE SECTOR, SERVICE UTILIZATION, SEX, SEX RATIO, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLED OCCUPATIONS, SKILLED WORKERS, SOCIAL IMPACT, SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SOCIAL SECURITY, STERILIZATION, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY LEVEL, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRANSPORTATION, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, URBAN AREAS, USE OF CONTRACEPTIVES, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, VULNERABILITY, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WAGE EMPLOYMENT, WOMAN, WORKER, WORKFORCE, WORKING MOTHERS, WORKING POPULATION, YOUNG ADULTS, YOUNG AGE, YOUNG CHILDREN, YOUNG MEN, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUTH EMPLOYMENT, YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT, YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES