Health Workforce Policy in Turkey : Recent Reforms and Issues for the Future
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The health status of the Turkish
population has improved significantly over the past few
decades, accompanying improvements in the scale and
functioning of the health-care system. Impressive progress
has been made in expanding financial protection to the
population through expansions in the breadth and depth of
health insurance coverage combined with service delivery
reforms to improve equity in access to health services. This
note summarizes the main developments in the area of health
workforce policy and how these have affected key health
workforce performance outcomes. Specifically, the main
objectives are to: (i) summarize trends in key health
workforce outcomes; (ii) compare health workforce outcomes
in Turkey to Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD) and other countries; (iii) discuss the
impact of recent reforms in the health sector on health
workforce outcomes; and (iv) highlight key health workforce
policy issues for the future.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, AGE DISTRIBUTION, AGING, ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY, ANESTHESIA, BEDS, C-SECTION, CAPITATION, CAPITATION PAYMENTS, CITIZENS, CLINICS, CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS, COST CONTROL, COST OF HEALTH SERVICES, CURRENT POPULATION, DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE, DELIVERY SYSTEM, DELIVERY SYSTEMS, DEMAND FOR HEALTH, DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS, DENTIST, DENTISTS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISEASES, DOCTOR, DOCTORS, DROPOUT, EPIDEMIOLOGY, EQUITY IN ACCESS, FEE-FOR-SERVICE, FEE-FOR-SERVICE SYSTEMS, FINANCIAL INCENTIVES, FINANCIAL INCENTIVES FOR DOCTORS, FINANCIAL PROTECTION, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, GENERAL PRACTITIONER, GENERAL PRACTITIONERS, GPS, GYNECOLOGY, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE CENTERS, HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, HEALTH CENTRE, HEALTH CENTRES, HEALTH DATA, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH FINANCING, HEALTH INFORMATION, HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE, HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEMES, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SPENDING, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEM REFORM, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTH TRAINING, HEALTH WORKERS, HEALTH WORKFORCE, HEALTH-CARE, HEALTH-CARE SYSTEM, HOSPITAL, HOSPITAL AUTONOMY, HOSPITAL BEDS, HOSPITAL CARE, HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT, HOSPITAL UTILIZATION, HOSPITALS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, IMMIGRANT, IMMIGRANT HEALTH, INCOME, INDEXES, INDIVIDUAL HEALTH, INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS, INEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INFORMAL SECTOR, INFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS, INSURANCE SCHEMES, INSURANCE SYSTEM, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, INTERVENTION, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABORATORY EQUIPMENT, LAWS, LIVING STANDARDS, MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, MEDICAL CARE, MEDICAL EDUCATION, MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS, MEDICAL SCHOOL, MEDICAL SPECIALTIES, MEDICAL STAFF, MEDICAL TRAINING, MEDICINE, MIDWIFE, MIDWIVES, MIGRATION, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MORTALITY, NURSE, NURSES, NURSING, NUTRITION, OBSTETRICS, PATIENT, PATIENT SATISFACTION, PATIENTS, PEDIATRICS, PHARMACIST, PHARMACISTS, PHYSICIAN, PHYSICIANS, POLICY LEVER, POOR QUALITY CARE, PRIMARY CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, PRIVATE HOSPITALS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROGRESS, PROVIDER PAYMENT, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE, PUBLIC HOSPITALS, PUBLIC SECTOR, QUALITY OF CARE, REFERRAL SYSTEM, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESPECT, RURAL AREAS, SCHOOL ENROLMENT, SCREENING, SERVICE DELIVERY, SHARE OF HEALTH SPENDING, SKILLED STAFF, SOCIAL SECURITY, SPECIALIST, SPECIALISTS, SURGERY, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, VACCINATION, WORKERS