Managing the Miombo Woodlands of Southern Africa : Policies, Incentives and Options for the Rural Poor, Volume 1. Main Report
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Washington, DC
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Miombo woodlands stretch across Southern
Africa in a belt from Angola and the Democratic Republic of
Congo (DRC) in the west to Mozambique in the east. The
miombo region covers an area of around 2.4 million km. In
some areas, miombo has been highly degraded as a result of
human use (southern Malawi and parts of Zimbabwe), while in
others, it remains relatively intact (such as in parts of
northern Mozambique, and in isolated areas of Angola and the
DRC). From a conventional forester's perspective,
miombo is fundamentally uninteresting. It supports
relatively few good commercial timber species. The
management of commercial species has been problematic. The
best areas were logged over long ago. Except in a few areas,
remaining commercially viable stocks are relatively small
and difficult to access. Public forestry institutions have,
for the most part, failed to put in place effective
management systems for forests, preferring instead to limit
their role to regulation and revenue collection, rather than
to management per se. The objectives of this paper are
threefold, and the paper is structured around these
objectives. First, in section two, the paper describes some
of opportunities for improving the use and management of
miombo woodlands. Second, in section three, outline some of
the barriers which are preventing households, communities,
and countries from adopting better and more sustainable
woodland management practices. In section four, by exploring
some of the policy opportunities for removing these
barriers, with the objective of strengthening miombo's
contribution to reducing risk and vulnerability of poor
rural households through sustainable forest management.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO FOREST, AGRICULTURAL EXPANSION, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL LAND USE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, ALLUVIAL SOILS, ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE, ANIMALS, ANNUAL RAINFALL, APICULTURE, ARABLE LAND, BARK, BEAR, BENEFIT SHARING, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BIODIVERSITY MAINTENANCE, BIOGEOGRAPHY, BIOMASS, BIOMASS PRODUCTION, BOREAL FORESTS, BUILDING MATERIAL, BURNING, BUSH FIRES, CANOPY, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CATERPILLARS, CATTLE, CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH, CHARCOAL, CHARCOAL MAKING, CHARCOAL PRODUCTION, CHARISMATIC MAMMALS, CIVIL WARS, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMMERCIAL LOGGING, COMMERCIALIZATION, COMMUNITY CONSERVATION, COMMUNITY FORESTRY, COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT, CONCESSION, CONSERVANCY, CONSERVATION, CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES, CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE, CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL, CONSUMER DEMAND, CROP FAILURE, CULTIVATION, DEFORESTATION RATES, DEGRADATION, DRY FOREST, DRY FORESTS, DRY SEASON, DRY WOODLAND, DRY WOODLANDS, ECOLOGICAL STUDIES, EFFECTIVE FOREST MANAGEMENT, ELEPHANT, ENDEMISM, ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE, ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES, EXPORT PERMITS, FALLOW LAND, FIRE MANAGEMENT, FIREWOOD, FISH, FISHER, FODDER, FOLIAGE, FOOD PLANTS, FOOD RESOURCE, FOREST, FOREST ACT, FOREST AREA, FOREST AREAS, FOREST CONSERVATION, FOREST COVER, FOREST DEPARTMENT, FOREST GOVERNANCE, FOREST INDUSTRY, FOREST INSTITUTIONS, FOREST INVENTORY, FOREST LAW, FOREST LOSS, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANS, FOREST MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, FOREST OPERATIONS, FOREST ORGANIZATIONS, FOREST POLICIES, FOREST POLICY, FOREST PRODUCT, FOREST PRODUCTS, FOREST REGION, FOREST RESEARCH, FOREST RESERVES, FOREST RESOURCES, FOREST TYPES, FOREST USERS, FORESTER, FORESTERS, FORESTRY DEPARTMENT, FORESTRY PROGRAMS, FORESTRY RESEARCH, FORESTRY SECTOR, FORESTS, FUELWOOD, GIBBON, GRASSLAND, GRASSLANDS, GROWTH RATES, GUMS, HABITAT CONSERVATION, HABITATS, HARDWOOD FORESTS, HARDWOODS, HERBIVORES, HIGH DIVERSITY, HIGH QUALITY TIMBER, HUNTING, ILLEGAL LOGGING, ILLEGAL LOGGING OPERATIONS, INSECT, INSECTS, ISSUES, LAND CLEARANCE, LAND CLEARING, LAND CLEARING FOR AGRICULTURE, LAND POLICY, LAND USE, LAND-USE, LEAF LITTER, LEAVED TREES, LIVESTOCK, LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT, LOCAL CONSERVATION, LOG, MEDICINAL PLANT, MEDICINAL PLANTS, MIXED HARDWOOD, MOIST FORESTS, MOTHS, MOUNDS, NATIONAL FOREST, NATIONAL FOREST INVENTORY, NATIVE FORESTS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, OAK, OAK FORESTS, OLD GROWTH, OPEN WOODLANDS, ORCHID, PLANT, PLANT BIODIVERSITY, PLANT SPECIES, PLANTING, POACHERS, PUBLIC FORESTRY, PUBLIC FORESTRY INSTITUTIONS, PULP, REGENERATION, RESERVED FORESTS, RESERVES, RESINS, RHINO, RIVER SYSTEMS, ROUNDWOOD, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL ECONOMIES, RURAL ECONOMY, SAFARI, SAFARI OPERATORS, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SEASONAL CYCLE, SEASONAL GRAZING, SET ASIDE, SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS, SILVICULTURE, SPECIES, SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS, SPECIES COMPOSITION, SPECIES DIVERSITY, SPECIES RICHNESS, SPORT HUNTING, SUPPLIERS, SUPPLY CHAIN, SUSTAINABLE EXTRACTION, SUSTAINABLE FOREST, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE USE, TAPPING, TEMPERATE FORESTS, TERMITE, TIMBER, TIMBER EXPORTS, TIMBER FOREST, TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS, TIMBER HARVESTING, TIMBER MARKET, TIMBER PRODUCTION, TIMBER PRODUCTS, TIMBER SPECIES, TIMBER TRADE, TOLERANT TREE, TOLERANT TREE SPECIES, TOURISM, TOURISM INDUSTRY, TREE, TREE SPECIES, TREES, TROPICAL DEFORESTATION, TROPICAL FORESTS, UNEMPLOYMENT LEVELS, USE OF FOREST, VEGETATION, VEGETATION TYPES, VILLAGE FOREST, VILLAGES, WATERSHED, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, WATERSHED PROTECTION, WILD MEAT, WILDLIFE, WILDLIFE AREAS, WILDLIFE CONSERVATION, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, WOOD EXTRACTION, WOOD PRODUCTS, WOODLAND, WOODLAND RESOURCES, WOODLANDS, WOODY SPECIES