The Microeconomic Determinants of Emigration and Return Migration of the Best and Brightest : Evidence from the Pacific
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A unique survey which tracks worldwide
the best and brightest academic performers from three
Pacific countries is used to assess the extent of emigration
and return migration among the very highly skilled, and to
analyze, at the microeconomic level, the determinants of
these migration choices. Although the estimates indicate
that the income gains from migration are very large, not
everyone migrates and many return. Within this group of
highly skilled individuals, the emigration decision is found
to be most strongly associated with preference variables
such as risk aversion, patience, and choice of subjects in
secondary school, and not strongly linked to either
liquidity constraints or the gain in income to be had from
migrating. Likewise, the decision to return is strongly
linked to family and lifestyle reasons, rather than to the
income opportunities in different countries. Overall the
data show a relatively limited role for income maximization
in distinguishing migration propensities among the very
highly skilled, and point to the need to pay more attention
to other components of the utility maximization decision.
Palabras clave
ACADEMIC OCCUPATIONS, ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, ACADEMIC RESEARCH, ACADEMIC SUBJECTS, ACCOUNTING, ADDITIONAL INCOME, APPLIED SCIENCES, BENEFITS OF MIGRATION, BOND, BRAIN DRAIN, CAREER, CAREER ADVANCEMENT, CAREER OPPORTUNITIES, CAREER PROSPECTS, CAREERS, CITIZEN, CITIZENSHIP, CIVIL SERVICE, COLLEGES, COMPUTER SCIENCE, CONSULTING FIRMS, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, DEGREE PROGRAMS, DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISCOUNT RATES, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS, EDUCATED ADULTS, EDUCATION ATTAINMENT, EDUCATION LEVELS, EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, ELEMENTS, EMIGRANTS, EMIGRATION, EMIGRATION LEVELS, EMPLOYMENT, EXAM, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATES, EXTENSION CENTER, FAMILY MEMBERS, FEMALE SCHOLARS, FINANCIAL COSTS, FOREIGN LANGUAGES, FOREIGNERS, GENETIC ENGINEERING, GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT, GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS, GRADUATE DEGREES, GRADUATE PROGRAMS, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, HIGH SCHOOL, HIGH SCHOOLS, HIGHER EDUCATION, HIGHLY SKILLED INDIVIDUALS, HOME COUNTRIES, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN MIGRATION, IMMIGRANT, IMMIGRANTS, IMMIGRATION, INCOME, INCOME LEVEL, INCOME TAXES, INCOMES, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW, INVESTMENT DECISION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFESTYLES, LIFETIME, LITERATURE, LOCAL COMMUNITY, MALARIA, MASTERS DEGREES, MATHEMATICS, MATHS, MEDICAL DOCTORS, MEDICAL SCHOOL, MIGRANT, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION PATTERNS, MIGRATION RATES, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MOTHER, NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NURSES, NURSING SCHOOLS, OLDER AGE GROUPS, OLDER INDIVIDUALS, PAPERS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POPULATION ESTIMATES, POPULATION SIZE, POTENTIAL MIGRANTS, PRESS RELEASE, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENTS, PRIVATE SCHOOLS, PROBABILITIES, PROGRESS, PUBLIC SERVICES, PULL FACTORS, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, QUESTIONNAIRE, RADIO, RATE OF MIGRATION, REMITTANCES, RESEARCH ASSISTANCE, RESEARCH FUNDING, RESPECT, RETURN MIGRATION, RETURNEES, RISK AVERSION, RISK SCORE, SALARIES, SALARY, SCHOLARS, SCHOLARSHIP, SCHOLARSHIPS, SCHOOLS, SCIENTIFIC LABORATORIES, SCIENTISTS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT, SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENTS, SECONDARY SCHOOL SUBJECTS, SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS, SECONDARY SCHOOLING, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SECONDARY STUDENTS, SENIOR, SEX, SKILL LEVEL, SKILL LEVELS, SKILLED MIGRANTS, SKILLED OCCUPATIONS, SKILLED PROFESSIONALS, SOCIAL FACTORS, SPOUSE, STUDENT DEBT, SUBJECTS, TAX RATES, TEACHER, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TELEVISION, TELEVISION ADVERTISEMENTS, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES, TERTIARY INSTITUTION, TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS, TERTIARY LEVEL, TERTIARY SECTOR, UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION, UNIVERSAL EDUCATION, UNIVERSITIES, WAGE, WAGES, WORK EXPERIENCE, WORKERS, YOUNG AGE, YOUNGER COHORTS