Economics of Tobacco Toolkit, Tool 7 : Understand, Measure, and Combat Tobacco Smuggling
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The intended purpose of this tool is to
let readers gain the necessary knowledge about tobacco
smuggling. With this knowledge, policy responses can be
developed and further monitored in order to establish their
effectiveness, appropriateness, and impact on other policy
goals. For example, if enhanced tax revenue is one goal of a
tobacco taxation policy, smuggling can be an important
consideration, since smuggled tobacco avoids taxation.
Likewise, tobacco smuggling can have an impact on health
policies, as it can be difficult to regulate health warnings
and conditions of sale on smuggled tobacco. More
specifically, by using the methods presented in this tool, a
more accurate and objective understanding of tobacco
smuggling can be gained. Tobacco manufacturers, distributors
and sellers, and others with a narrow self-interest in the
design of tobacco control policy often misrepresent the
degree of tobacco smuggling. Well documented,
methodologically sound, quantitative estimates of tobacco
smuggling are a useful tool for educating policymakers about
the costs and benefits of various policies. Moreover,
unbiased estimates of smuggling, and the change in smuggling
over time, are essential tools to evaluate the success of
many tobacco control policies.
Palabras clave
ACCESSIBILITY, ADDICTIVE NATURE, ADVERTISING, AIRLINE PASSENGERS, AIRPORTS, ALCOHOL, AMOUNT OF TOBACCO, AVERAGE PRICE, BIDIS, BLACK MARKET, BORDER TRANSPORTATION, BRAND, BRAND PREFERENCES, BRIBE, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CARBON MONOXIDE, CIGARETTE, CIGARETTE BRANDS, CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION, CIGARETTE IMPORTS, CIGARETTE PACKETS, CIGARETTE PACKS, CIGARETTE PRICE, CIGARETTE PRICES, CIGARETTE SALES, CIGARETTE SMOKING, CIGARETTE SMUGGLING, CIGARETTE TAX, CIGARETTE TAXES, CIGARS, CONSUMPTION OF TOBACCO, CONTRABAND CIGARETTES, CORRUPTION, COST OF TRANSPORT, CRIME NETWORKS, CRIMINAL, CRIMINAL ACTIVITY, CRIMINALS, CROSS-BORDER SHOPPING, CROSS-BORDER TRAVELERS, DEMAND ANALYSIS, DEMAND CURVE, DEMAND CURVES, DIFFERENTIAL PRICING, DRUG, DRUG TRAFFICKING, DUTY-FREE SALES, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, EXCISE TAX, EXCISE TAXES, FERRIES, FINANCIAL INCENTIVE, FOOT TRAFFIC, FREE MARKET, HAND-ROLLED CIGARETTES, HEALTH WARNINGS, ILLEGAL BEHAVIOR, INSPECTION, INTERNATIONAL TOBACCO COMPANIES, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL, JOURNEY, LARGE-SCALE SMUGGLERS, LAW ENFORCEMENT, MARKET CONDITIONS, MARKET PENETRATION, MARKET PRICE, MARKET SHARE, MARKETING, MISREPRESENTATION, MONOPOLIES, MONOPOLY, NICOTINE, ORGANIZED CRIME, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, POLICE, POPULATION DENSITIES, PRICE DIFFERENTIALS, PRICE INCREASES, PRICE LEVEL, PRICE LEVELS, PRICE OF CIGARETTES, PRICE OF TOBACCO, PRICING POLICIES, PUBLIC AWARENESS, PUBLIC RELATIONS, PURCHASING, QUANTITY OF CIGARETTES, REGIONAL TRAVEL, RETAIL, RETAIL PRICE, RETAILING, RETAILING INDUSTRY, ROUTES, SALE, SMOKER, SMOKERS, SMOKING, SMOKING BEHAVIOR, SMOKING PATTERNS, SMUGGLED CIGARETTES, SMUGGLER, STREETS, SUPPLIERS, SUPPLY CHAIN, SUPPLY CURVE, TAX REVENUE, TAX STAMPS, TOBACCO, TOBACCO COMPANIES, TOBACCO CONSUMERS, TOBACCO CONSUMPTION, TOBACCO CONTROL, TOBACCO CONTROL POLICIES, TOBACCO CONTROL POLICY, TOBACCO DEMAND, TOBACCO INDUSTRY, TOBACCO MANUFACTURERS, TOBACCO MANUFACTURING, TOBACCO PACKS, TOBACCO POLICY, TOBACCO PRICES, TOBACCO PRODUCT SALES, TOBACCO PRODUCTS, TOBACCO SALES, TOBACCO SMUGGLING, TOBACCO TAX, TOBACCO TAXATION, TOBACCO TAXES, TOBACCO USE, TOBACCO USERS, TOBACCO] SMUGGLING, TOTAL SALES, TRANSIT, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION COSTS, TRAVELERS, TRIP, TRUCKS, TRUE, VACATIONS, WAREHOUSES