Does Rising Landlessness Signal Success or Failure for Vietnam’s Agrarian Transition?
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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In the wake of reforms to establish a free market in land-use rights, Vietnam is experiencing a pronounced rise in rural landlessness. To some observers this is a harmless by-product of a more efficient economy, while to others it signals the return of the pre-socialist class-structure, with the rural landless at the bottom of the economic ladder. The authors' theoretical model suggests that removing restrictions on land markets will increase landlessness among the poor, but that there will be both gainers and losers, with uncertain impacts on aggregate poverty. Empirically, they find that landlessness is less likely for the poor and that the observed rise in landlessness is poverty reducing on balance. However, there are marked regional differences, notably between the north and the south.
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AGGREGATE POVERTY, AGRARIAN REFORM, AGRARIAN STRUCTURE, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL WAGE, AGRICULTURE, ALLOCATION OF LAND, ASSET POVERTY, CONCENTRATION OF LAND, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, CONSUMPTION MEASURE, CREDIT MARKETS, CULTIVATED LAND, DECLINE IN POVERTY, DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, DISTRIBUTION OF LAND, DIVERSIFICATION, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, FARM ACTIVITIES, FARM ACTIVITY, FARM OUTPUT, FARM PRODUCTION, FARMER, FARMERS, FARMLAND, FARMS, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD OUTPUT, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, IDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKS, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME, INEQUALITY, INSURANCE, LAND CONSOLIDATION, LAND DEMAND, LAND HOLDINGS, LAND INEQUALITY, LAND LAW, LAND MARKETS, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND REFORM, LAND REFORMS, LAND TENURE, LAND TENURE REFORM, LAND TITLES, LANDLESS HOUSEHOLDS, LANDLESS LABORERS, LANDLESSNESS, LIVELIHOODS, LIVING STANDARDS, LOW LIVING STANDARDS, MOUNTAINOUS AREAS, POOR, POOR FARMERS, POST- REFORM, POST-REFORM, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY REDUCING, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP, PUBLIC WORKS, RESIDENTIAL LAND, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITY, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL WORKERS, SCHOOLING, SOUTH ASIAN, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, UNEMPLOYMENT, WAGE RATES