Costa Rica Poverty Assessment : Recapturing Momentum for Poverty Reduction
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Washington, DC
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This study examines recent developments
on the poverty front in Costa Rica, with particular emphasis
on why poverty rates have not declined over the last 10
years despite consistent economic growth over the period. To
accomplish this, the report develops a dynamic profile of
poverty in Costa Rica to better understand the
characteristics of the poor. It analyzes recent patterns of
economic growth and the extent to which the poor have shared
its benefits. The study also examines the dynamics of the
labor market, including how recent labor market developments
have affected the ability of the poor to generate higher
incomes, particularly since 1994. It pays special attention
to the impact that immigration from Nicaragua has had on
poverty, and to the particular challenges faced by poor
female workers. Finally, it examines the role and
effectiveness of social sector spending and policies in
improving the welfare of the poor and providing enabling
them to escape poverty. The study is organized into three
main parts. The first part of the report (chapters 1-4)
focuses on the nature and evolution of poverty from 1989 to
2004. This includes presentation of a multi-dimensional
profile of poverty (chapter 2), an analysis of the links
between growth, income inequality and poverty reduction in
Costa Rica (chapter 3), and an analysis of the role of the
Costa Rican labor market in determining the earnings and
opportunities faced by the poor (chapter 4). Part I1
(chapters 5-8) examines the role of the social sectors and
social sector policies on poverty reduction in Costa Rica,
focusing on education (chapter 6), health (chapter 7), and
social protection (chapter 8). The final part of the report
focuses on recapturing Costa Rica's momentum in
reducing poverty. This part focuses first on strengthening
economic and social policies to reduce poverty (chapter 9)
and then on improving data for poverty monitoring and
results-based management of Costa Rica's poverty
reduction efforts.
Palabras clave
ABSOLUTE TERMS, ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, ADULT POPULATION, ANTI-POVERTY, ANTI-POVERTY INTERVENTIONS, AVERAGE INCOME, BABIES, BASIC EDUCATION, CENTRAL AMERICA, CENTRAL AMERICAN, CHANGES IN POVERTY, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD MORTALITY RATES, CORRELATES OF POVERTY, COUNTRY LEVEL, CURRENT POVERTY, CURRENT POVERTY SITUATION, DETERMINANTS OF GROWTH, DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, DIMENSIONAL POVERTY, DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC IMPACT, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIC PROGRESS, EDUCATION LEVEL, EXTREME POVERTY, EXTREMELY POOR HOUSEHOLDS, EXTREMELY POOR PEOPLE, FAMILY EDUCATION, FEMALE WORKERS, FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FIREWOOD, GINI COEFFICIENT, GROWTH PERFORMANCE, GROWTH RATES, HEADCOUNT POVERTY, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH REFORM, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SYSTEM, HIGH POVERTY, HOSPITAL, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD PER CAPITA INCOME, HOUSEHOLD POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, IMMIGRANTS, IMMIGRATION, IMMIGRATION STATUS, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME GROWTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME LEVELS, INCOME POVERTY, INCOME QUINTILE, INCOME SHARE, INDUSTRIAL SECTOR, INEQUALITY, INEQUALITY MEASURES, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INFORMATION SYSTEM, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LATIN AMERICAN, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVE BIRTHS, LIVING STANDARDS, LONG-TERM GROWTH, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, MALARIA, MATERNAL HEALTH, MEASLES, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, NATIONAL ACCOUNTS, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POVERTY, NON-POOR HOUSEHOLDS, OLD AGE, PER CAPITA GROWTH, PER CAPITA INCOMES, POOR, POOR AREAS, POOR BENEFIT, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PEOPLE, POPULATION INFORMATION, POTABLE WATER, POVERTY ASSESSMENT, POVERTY FRONT, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE, POVERTY INDICATORS, POVERTY LEVEL, POVERTY LEVELS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY LINES, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMS, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, POVERTY SITUATION, POVERTY STATUS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PROGRESS, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SPENDING, QUALITY EDUCATION, REDUCING POVERTY, REGIONAL DISPARITIES, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POVERTY, SAFETY NET, SANITATION, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOLING, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY ENROLLMENT, SECONDARY ENROLLMENT RATES, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS, SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL, SERIES OF MEETINGS, SINGLE MOTHERS, SKILLED WORKERS, SMALL ENTERPRISES, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SECTOR, SOCIAL SECTORS, SOCIAL SECURITY, TARGETING, TUBERCULOSIS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, URBAN AREAS, URBAN POVERTY, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WATER SOURCES, WATER SUPPLIES, WORKFORCE, WORKING MOTHERS