Emergency Technical Assistance to Mitigate the Impact of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Jordan - TCP/JOR/3808
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In the Middle East, the presence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has significantly hindered the growth of the dairy industry and sheep flocks. A highly contagious viral disease that severely affects livestock, FMD can lead to substantial economic impacts and as a transboundary animal disease (TAD), it profoundly affects livestock production and disrupts regional and international trade involving animals and animal products. While the morbidity rate in susceptible animals can reach nearly 100 percent, the disease is typically non-fatal except for young animals. Nonetheless, the economic impact is substantial due to the loss of milk production in the two months following the onset of clinical signs. Jordan has experienced multiple outbreaks of FMD that impact sheep and cattle in seven governorates, namely Amman, Irbid, Karak, Madaba, Jordan Valley, Mafraq and Zarqa. The morbidity rate of FMD in sheep and cattle, as determined by PCR testing, varied between 16 percent and 100 percent. These circumstances have resulted in both direct losses, such as reduced production, fertility and changes in herd structure, as well as indirect losses due to the costs of FMD control and limited market access.