Energy Access and Productive Uses for the Urban Poor : Final Report on Ghana Scoping Study
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The aim of the scoping study was to gain
an understanding of the productive activities slum dwellers
engage in that rely on energy services and the potentials
and challenges of slums in Ghana regarding access to modern
energy services and income generation from productive
activities. The objective of the ESMED-EAfUP (Energy Sector
Management Assistance Program - ESMAP/SME Development -
Energy Access for the Urban Poor) programme is 'to
create and sustain a network of energy practitioners to
support development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
(MSME) as users and providers of modern energy services for
slum upgrading programs.'. Using ability to adopt safer
and modern energy forms as a criterion in assessing the
effective deployment of safer and modern energy forms, the
study concluded that the high propensity to save is an
opportunity for their deployment if they can be sensitized
about the benefits of using modern energy forms, which many
of the slum dwellers are not aware of. Most enterprise
owners could also capitalize on the credit policies of the
financial institutions they saved with to adopt the modern
energy forms. Lack of education and limited awareness about
the benefits of using clean, efficient and improved energy
forms were some of the reasons for the use of inefficient
and illegal energy forms among the slum dwellers. The study
recommends awareness creation among the slum dwellers about
the benefits of using legal, clean and efficient energy
forms in productive enterprises, which the Non-Governmental
Organizations (NGOs) can take up. A major benefit of this
study which is worth mentioning is the learning and sharing
that took place among the research team because apart from
the findings of this study that unraveled some relevant
information that many stakeholders working in the cities of
Ghana did not know about slums, there was also a lot of
sharing of experiences that took place.
Palabras clave
ACCESS ROADS, ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, ACCESS TO ENERGY, ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY, AIR POLLUTION, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, ALTERNATIVE FUELS, APPROACH, AVAILABILITY, AVAILABILITY OF SAVINGS, BIOMASS, BUILDING PERMIT, BUILDING PERMITS, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPITAL CITY, CENTRAL CITY, CHARCOAL, CITIES, CITIES ALLIANCE, CITY AUTHORITIES, CITY PLANNING, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, COAL, COLD WATER, COMMUNITIES, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY GROUPS, COMMUNITY LEADER, COMMUNITY LEADERS, COMMUNITY LEVEL, COMMUNITY REPRESENTATIVES, CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSES, CONVERSION EQUIPMENT, COOKING, COOKING FUELS, COOLING, COST OF ELECTRICITY, CREDIT GROUPS, CRIME, DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY, DEMAND FOR ENERGY, DEMOLITION, DIESEL, DISPLACED PERSONS, DISTRIBUTION LOSSES, DISTRICT ASSEMBLIES, DRY CELL BATTERIES, DRY CELLS, DWELLING, DWELLING UNITS, DWELLINGS, EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS, ELECTRIC HEATERS, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY CONNECTION, ELECTRICITY SUPPLY, EMPLOYMENT, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY EXPENDITURE, ENERGY FORM, ENERGY INPUT, ENERGY NEEDS, ENERGY POLICIES, ENERGY PRODUCTS, ENERGY PROJECTS, ENERGY RESOURCES, ENERGY SECTOR, ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE, ENERGY SERVICES, ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY SUPPLY, ENERGY USAGE, EVICTION, FEMALES, FOOD PROCESSING, FORCED EVICTIONS, FORMAL EDUCATION, FUEL, FUELS, GENDER, GENERATION, HABITAT, HEAT, HOSPITALS, HOT WATER, HOUSEHOLDS, HOUSES, HOUSING, HUMAN ENVIRONMENT, ILLEGAL ELECTRICITY CONNECTIONS, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT, INFORMAL ENTERPRISES, INHABITANTS, INTERVENTION, INTERVENTIONS, KEROSENE, LAUNDRY, LIGHTING, LIVING CONDITIONS, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT, LOCAL ECONOMY, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LOCAL INSTITUTIONS, LOCALITIES, MARGINAL LAND, MARGINAL LANDS, METROPOLITAN ASSEMBLY, MIGRATION TO CITIES, MOBILITY, MODERN FUELS, OCCUPANCY, OCCUPATION, OIL, OVERCROWDING, OWNERSHIP OF LAND, PACE OF URBANIZATION, PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM GAS, POLICE, POOR COMMUNITIES, POOR HOUSING, POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, POTABLE WATER, POVERTY REDUCTION, POWER, PRICES OF ENERGY, PUBLIC UTILITIES, RAW MATERIAL, RAW MATERIALS, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RESIDENTIAL AREA, RESIDENTIAL AREAS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SAFE WATER, SANITARY FACILITIES, SANITATION FACILITIES, SECONDARY CITIES, SERVICE COVERAGE, SERVICE SECTOR, SERVICE SECTORS, SETTLEMENT, SETTLEMENTS, SHACKS, SHELTER, SHOPS, SLUM, SLUM AREAS, SLUM COMMUNITIES, SLUM COMMUNITY, SLUM DWELLER, SLUM DWELLERS, SLUM SETTLEMENTS, SLUM UPGRADING, SLUM UPGRADING PROGRAMS, SLUMS, SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES, SOCIAL FACILITIES, SOCIAL GROUPS, SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY, SQUATTER, SQUATTER SETTLEMENT, SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS, SQUATTERS, STAKEHOLDERS, SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY, SUPPLY OF LAND, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TEMPORARY STRUCTURES, TENEMENTS, THERMAL ENERGY, THREAT OF EVICTION, TOWNS, TRANSMISSION LINES, UNSANITARY CONDITIONS, URBAN AGRICULTURE, URBAN AREA, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTRES, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, URBAN DEVELOPMENT AGENDA, URBAN ECONOMY, URBAN EMPLOYMENT, URBAN ENVIRONMENT, URBAN GROWTH, URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, URBAN INFORMAL SECTOR, URBAN MIGRATION, URBAN POOR, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN POVERTY, URBAN RESIDENTS, URBAN SLUM, URBAN SLUMS, URBANIZATION, URBANIZATION LEVELS, URBANIZATION OF POVERTY, UTILITY COMPANIES, UTILITY COMPANY, UTILITY PROVIDERS, UTILITY SERVICES, VEHICLES, WATER HEATING, YOUTH, ZONING