Global Migration Revisited

Ahmed, S. Amer; Go, Delfin S.; Willenbockel, Dirk

Global Migration Revisited

Autores

Ahmed, S. Amer

Go, Delfin S.

Willenbockel, Dirk

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

This paper re-examines the development implications of international migration focusing on two issues: how the costs and benefits of migration change over time, and the significance of South-South migration for development. First, the analysis finds that although greater migration could push down the wages of native workers of advanced countries in the short run, these wages eventually recover. This pattern would be mostly caused by the beneficial effect of additional labor on the real returns on capital and fostering faster capital formation. Additional South-North migration could favor capital income recipients and reduces labor income in host regions in the short run. In contrast, in sending countries, capital owners could experience lower incomes while wages rise. Globally, the welfare gains of new migrants could be expected to exceed the losses of old migrants by a wide margin. The remaining natives in sending countries could enjoy a net increase in remittances as well as an increase in labor income, although income from capital might decline. Second, in a hypothetical scenario with lower South-South migration, the implied losses of remittance income could lead to substantially lower welfare in developing countries. Although the wage differentials among developing countries tend to be smaller relative to their wage differentials with high-income countries, South-South migrants make substantial contributions to remittances.

Palabras clave

EMPLOYMENT, INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, FUTURE GROWTH, WORKFORCE, POPULATION DECLINE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, BRAIN DRAIN, ACCOUNTING, IMPERFECT SUBSTITUTES, WORKING-AGE POPULATION, PRODUCTION, SKILLED WORKERS, STOCK, INCOME, REMITTANCE, REAL GDP, POPULATION FACTS, GDP PER CAPITA, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, LABOR FORCE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, ELASTICITY, MONITORING, PUBLIC SERVICES, IMMIGRANTS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, WELFARE, ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS, RETURN MIGRATION, EFFECTS, WAGE INCREASES, INCENTIVES, EQUILIBRIUM, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY, REAL INCOME, INPUTS, DEVELOPMENT GOALS, REAL WAGES, SKILLED MIGRANTS, PAYMENTS, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, TRENDS, KNOWLEDGE, NATIVE WORKERS, BENEFITS OF MIGRATION, DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, INFLUENCE, LABOR EFFICIENCY, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, MIGRANT LABOR, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, HOST COUNTRIES, CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION, AGE POPULATIONS, PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, EXTERNALITIES, MIGRATION, TRANSFERS, MARKETS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, ORGANIZATIONS, POTENTIAL OUTPUT, LABOR, ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION, INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENTS, MIGRANTS, WORKING- AGE POPULATIONS, GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT, EFFICIENCY, WORKING-AGE POPULATIONS, PROGRESS, MIGRATION FLOWS, UNEMPLOYMENT, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM, HUMAN CAPITAL, MIGRANT, VALUE ADDED, ECONOMIC COSTS, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, CAPITAL, WAGES, POLICIES, ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS, LABOR DEMAND, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, VALUE, WAGE RATES, SKILL LEVEL, PURCHASING POWER, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, DEMAND, INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT, AGRICULTURE, MIGRANT WORKERS, POPULATIONS, LABOR MOBILITY, MIGRANT-SENDING COUNTRIES, BENCHMARK, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, ECONOMICS, POLICY, SKILLED LABOR, INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS, MIGRATION POLICIES, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, TRADE, REGIONAL AGGREGATION, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, GDP, GOODS, THEORY, SECURITY, BILATERAL TRADE, INVESTMENT, NATURAL RESOURCE, WORLD POPULATION, HOST COUNTRY, IMMIGRATION, SUPPLY, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, POPULATION, LABOR SUPPLY, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, MIGRANT POPULATIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, UNSKILLED WORKERS, NATIONAL ORIGIN, BENCHMARK DATA, AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, LABOUR, REMITTANCES, CONSUMPTION LEVELS, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR FORCES, UNSKILLED LABOR, PRICES, GROWTH PROJECTIONS, LABOR MIGRATION, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPMENT POLICY