Psidium defenses against Meloidogyne enterolobii: proteomic and microscopic analysis of this plant-predator association.
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Guava (Psidium guajava), referred to as the “tropical apple,” is esteemed for its sweet flavor, nutritional density, and medicinal attributes, being rich in ascorbic acid, phenolics, carotenoids, fibers, and minerals. Despite its agricultural significance, guava cultivation faces considerable challenges from plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly root-knot nematodes from the Meloidogyne spp. In South America, Meloidogyne enterolobii causes severe root damage and economic losses to this crop. Plants fight nematodes through complex immune mechanisms involving pattern recognition receptors and signaling pathways, such as pattern-triggered immunity. The present research employed comparative shotgun proteomic analysis complemented by microscopic imaging and histochemical assays of roots from susceptible P. guajava and resistant P. guineense, inoculated or not with M. enterolobii. Psidium- M. enterolobii interactions revealed intricate plant cellular responses such as giant cells formation, hypersensitivity reactions, and biochemical pathway adjustments in sucrose transport and antioxidant enzyme activities. Synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites like terpenes, alkaloids, and phenolics in inoculated and resistant plants were positively correlated to plant resilience. Heat shock proteins and protein disulfide isomerases also emerged as pivotal in plant response, being upregulated during nematode infection.
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Nematoides das galhas, Mecanismos imunológicos, Nematoides parasitas de plantas, Anatomia da raiz, ODS 2, Goiaba, Nematóide, Psidium, Plant parasitic nematodes, Root-knot nematodes