Niger : Food Security and Safety Nets
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Washington, DC
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Niger is a very poor country that faces
serious problems of poverty and household food insecurity.
With a per capita gross national income (GNI) of US$240 and
an estimated 62 percent of the population living below the
poverty line, Niger is one of the lowest-ranked countries on
the United Nations' human development index. Reducing
vulnerability and ensuring food and nutrition security is an
overarching priority for the Government. Maintaining food
security at the national and household level is an important
priority for developing countries in general, both for the
welfare of the poor and for political stability. In order to
ensure food security, governments have adopted various
strategies, including efforts to increase staple food crop
production, market interventions, and a variety of safety
net programs, especially during emergencies. In Niger, where
profound vulnerabilities combined with a high level of
population growth have resulted in endemic food insecurity,
the Government is faced with a serious challenge. In this
context, the purpose of this study is to contribute to the
existing strategy and assist the Government in developing a
holistic, multi-sectoral, and institutional approach to
reducing the population's vulnerability to food
insecurity. This report adds value to the ongoing policy
discussions in two ways: first, it presents new empirical
analysis of: i) food insecurity and vulnerability of
households during the period of food crises as well as
during normal period, ii) the structure and integration of
cereal markets within Niger and with markets in neighboring
countries, and iii) causes of the 2005 food crisis, and
lessons learned on implications of various levels of
cross-border flows between Niger and Nigeria. Second, it
provides concrete short- and medium-term recommendations for
helping government to improve the performance of existing
programs to increase food security, particularly related to
preparedness for and responses to food crises, and to design
efficient safety nets mechanisms for vulnerable population.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO FOOD, ACUTE MALNUTRITION, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES, AGRICULTURE, AID DONORS, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, ASSET SALES, BASIC FOODSTUFFS, BASIC NEEDS, BREAD, CALCIUM, CALORIC CONSUMPTION, CALORIC INTAKE, CALORIC REQUIREMENTS, CALORIES PER DAY, CASH CROPS, CASH TRANSFERS, CASH-FOR-WORK, CEREAL IMPORTS, CEREAL PRICES, CEREAL PRODUCTION, CEREALS, CHEESE, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD MORTALITY RATES, CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY, CHRONIC POVERTY, CHRONICALLY POOR, CONSUMER SPENDING, COPING MECHANISMS, COPING STRATEGY, CULTIVATED AREAS, DAIRY, DIETARY DIVERSITY, DIVERSIFICATION, DOMESTIC PRICES, DRINKING WATER, DROUGHT, DROUGHT YEARS, EGGS, EPIDEMICS, EXTREME POVERTY, FAMILY ALLOWANCES, FAMINE, FAMINES, FARM PRODUCTS, FARMER, FARMERS, FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, FOOD ACCESS, FOOD AID, FOOD AID FLOWS, FOOD AVAILABILITY, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS, FOOD COUPONS, FOOD CRISIS, FOOD CROP, FOOD CROP PRODUCTION, FOOD CROPS, FOOD DISTRIBUTION, FOOD EXPENDITURE, FOOD FOR ALL, FOOD FOR WORK, FOOD IMPORTS, FOOD INSECURE HOUSEHOLDS, FOOD INSECURITY, FOOD MARKETS, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD PRODUCTS, FOOD SALES, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SECURITY INDICATORS, FOOD SECURITY ISSUES, FOOD SELF-SUFFICIENCY, FOOD SHORTAGES, FOOD STOCKS, FOOD SUPPLIES, FOOD SUPPLY, FRUIT, GRAIN MARKETS, GRAIN PRICES, GRAIN PRODUCTION, GRAIN RESERVES, GRAINS, GROUNDNUT, HAZARDS, HOUSEHOLD ACCESS, HOUSEHOLD BUDGET, HOUSEHOLD FOOD, HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY, HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITY, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, HUNGRY, HUNGRY SEASON, IDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKS, ILLNESS, INADEQUATE HEALTH, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME, INCOME QUINTILE, INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS, INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE, IRRIGATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP, LIVESTOCK SALES, LIVESTOCK SECTOR, MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS, MAIZE, MALNUTRITION, MARKET ANALYSIS, MARKET INFORMATION, MARKET PERFORMANCE, MARKET PRICE, MARKETING SYSTEM, MEAL, MEAT, MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES, MILK, MORTALITY RATES, NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY, NATIONAL POVERTY, NATURAL DISASTER, NATURAL DISASTERS, NATURAL SHOCKS, NUTRITION, NUTRITION OUTCOMES, NUTRITION SECURITY, NUTRITIONAL DATA, NUTRITIONAL OUTCOMES, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, NUTS, PEANUTS, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, POOR, POOR ACCESS TO HEALTH FACILITIES, POOR HEALTH, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PEOPLE, POORER PEOPLE, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY LEVEL, POVERTY LEVELS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, POVERTY STATUS, PRICE SUBSIDIES, PUBLIC WORKS, PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS, PULSES, REGIONAL MARKETS, RICE, RICE PRODUCTION, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INCOMES, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION, RURAL REGIONS, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NET PROGRAMS, SAFETY NET SYSTEM, SAFETY NETS, SANITATION, SAVINGS, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOL FEEDING, SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SORGHUM, STAPLE FOOD CROP, STAPLE FOODS, STORAGE FACILITIES, SUBSISTENCE, SUBSISTENCE CROPS, SUFFICIENT FOOD, SUGAR, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TARGETING, TARGETING MECHANISMS, TRANSFER PROGRAMS, TUBERS, URBAN AREAS, VEGETABLES, VULNERABILITY TO DROUGHT, VULNERABLE GROUPS, VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS, VULNERABLE PEOPLE, WATER SOURCES, WELFARE INDICATORS, WFP, WHEAT, WORLD FOOD PROGRAM, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION