Joining, Upgrading and Being Competitive in Global Value Chains: A Strategic Framework
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World Bank, Washington, D.C.
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In recent years, global value chains
have played an increasing role in business strategies,
profoundly affecting international trade and development
paradigms. Global value chains now represent a major source
of socio-upgrading opportunities and a new path for
development. Trade, competitiveness and development policies
should be reshaped accordingly to seize these opportunities
and avoid the risks associated with greater participation in
global value chains. This paper provides a framework and
analytical tools for measuring and improving a
country's performance with respect to participation in
global value chains. With a clear operational focus, it
provides guidance for countries willing to join, maintain
participation, and/or move up global value chains. With the
ultimate objective to increase the value (the development
content) for trade, it also offers strategies to maximize
the benefits and minimize the risks of developing
countries' participation in global value chains.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES, AGRICULTURE, AUTOMOBILE, AUTOMOBILES, BANDWIDTH, BASIC METALS, BEST PRACTICE, BUSINESS ACTIVITIES, BUSINESS CLIMATE, BUSINESS DECISIONS, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, BUSINESS FUNCTIONS, BUSINESS MODELS, BUSINESS OPERATIONS, BUSINESS PRACTICES, BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP, BUSINESS STRATEGIES, BUSINESSES, BUYER, BUYERS, CALL CENTER, CALL CENTERS, CAPACITY BUILDING, CARBON, CARBON TAXES, CELLULAR NETWORK, CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE, COMMODITIES, COMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, COMPETITIVE PRICES, COMPETITIVENESS, COMPUTERS, CONNECTIVITY, CONSUMER ELECTRONICS, CONSUMER MARKETS, CONSUMERS, CRISES, CUSTOMER BASE, CUSTOMER SERVICES, CUSTOMS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, DEVELOPMENT OF E-COMMERCE, DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DIGITIZATION, DISPUTE RESOLUTION, DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS, DISTRIBUTION NETWORK, DISTRIBUTION SERVICES, DIVISION OF LABOR, DOMESTIC MARKET, DRIVERS, DUMPING, E-COMMERCE, ECONOMIC ASSETS, ECONOMIC STABILITY, ELASTICITY, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRONIC TRANSFERS, EMERGING ECONOMIES, ENVIRONMENTAL, EQUIPMENT, EXPORT BARRIERS, EXPORT MARKET, EXPORT PROMOTION, EXPORTS, EXPOSURE, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOREIGN COMPANIES, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FOREIGN INPUTS, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FOREIGN VALUE, GDP, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS, GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS, GLOBAL MARKETPLACE, GLOBAL MARKETS, GLOBAL STANDARDS, GLOBALIZATION, HARMONIZATION, HOME COUNTRY, HUMAN CAPITAL, ICT, IMPORT BARRIERS, INCOME, INEFFICIENCY, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INNOVATION, INNOVATION POLICIES, INPUT FACTORS, INPUT PROVIDERS, INSURANCE, INTANGIBLES, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION, INTERMEDIATE GOODS, INTERMEDIATE INPUTS, INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES, INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERNATIONALIZATION, IP, IT INFRASTRUCTURE, JOB CREATION, KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, LABOR COSTS, LABOR LAWS, LABOR MARKET, LABOR REGULATIONS, LABOR STATISTICS, LAW ENFORCEMENT, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, LEGAL ISSUES, LIBERALIZATION, LICENSE, LICENSES, MANUFACTURING, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET SHARES, MARKETING, MATERIAL, MISSING DATA, MOBILE PHONE, MONITORING MECHANISM, MONOPOLY, MULTILATERAL TRADE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NETWORKS, NEW TECHNOLOGIES, OCCUPATIONS, OFFSHORE OUTSOURCING, OLIGOPOLIES, ONE-STOP SHOPS, OPEN ACCESS, OUTPUT, OUTPUTS, OUTSOURCING, PARADIGM SHIFT, PATENTS, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, PERSONAL COMPUTERS, POLICY DECISIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POLITICAL STABILITY, POLLUTION, POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES, PRICE FLUCTUATIONS, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTORS, PROCUREMENT, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION PROCESS, PRODUCTIVITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROTECTION OF DATA, PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, PROTECTIONISM, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, PUBLIC POLICY, QUALITY STANDARDS, QUOTAS, RECYCLING, REGULATORS, REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT, RELIABILITY, RELIABLE ACCESS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RESULT, RESULTS, RETAIL TRADE, RISK MANAGEMENT, SAFETY, SAFETY NETS, SAFETY STANDARDS, SATELLITE, SERVERS, SMALL COUNTRIES, SUPERMARKETS, SUPERVISION, SUPPLIERS, SUPPLY CHAIN, SUPPLY CHAINS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE USE, TAX INCENTIVES, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS, TELECOMMUNICATION, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TELEPHONE, TELEVISION, TIMBER, TIMELY ACCESS, TRACEABILITY, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE COMPETITIVENESS, TRADE FACILITATION, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADING SYSTEM, TRADITIONAL MARKETS, UNDUE INFLUENCE, UNEMPLOYMENT, USER, USERS, VALUATION, VALUE ADDED, VALUE CHAIN, VALUE CHAINS, VERTICAL INTEGRATION, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, WEB, WORLD ECONOMY, WORLD TRADE, WTO