Tunisia's Global Integration : A Second Generation of Reforms to Boost Growth and Employment
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Washington, DC : World Bank
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This study on a world integration for
Tunisia attempts to contribute to the achievement of the
growth of the 11th development plan. It first takes stock of
past integration policies, outlining policies implemented
and assessing their impact on foreign direct investments
(FDI), exports and employment. Then, it examines the current
challenges of integration of Tunisia, which is both global
and multisectoral pursuant to the actual creation of a free
trade area with Europe for industrial products in January
2008. In the light of challenges expected, another
generation of integration reform is identified to further
improve the positioning of a competitive Tunisia and realize
the potential growth in services. The report contains four
chapters. Chapter one analyzes integration policies
implemented since the early 70s and evaluates the impact
thereof on the FDI, exports and employment. Chapter two
examines the current challenges and major reforms necessary
to correct the side-effects of past integration policies.
Chapter three attempts to identify the reforms necessary to
improve quality and lower prices of services. Finally,
chapter four examines the prospects for export of
professional services (accounting, auditing, legal services)
and health by Tunisia, which showed a real capacity to
compete in these areas in recent years.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCOUNTING, ACTIVE DEBT, AGRICULTURE, ANTI-COMPETITIVE PRACTICES, AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY, AVERAGE TARIFF, BALANCE OF PAYMENT, BANK PROFITABILITY, BENCHMARK, BENCHMARKING, BENEFICIARIES, BILATERAL AGREEMENT, BILATERAL AGREEMENTS, BILATERAL COOPERATION, BORROWER, BROKERS, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, CAPITAL GOODS, COLLATERALS, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, COMPETITION AUTHORITIES, COMPETITION LAW, COMPETITION LAWS, COMPETITION LEGISLATION, COMPETITIVE POSITION, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSUMER PRICES, CONSUMERS, COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE, COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER, COUNTRY MARKETS, COUNTRY RISK, CREDIBILITY, CREDIT GUARANTEE, CREDIT MARKET, CREDIT STRUCTURE, CURRENT ACCOUNT, CUSTOMS CLEARANCE, CUSTOMS PROCEDURES, DEBT, DEBT MANAGEMENT, DEBT SERVICE, DEPOSITS, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION, DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC MARKETS, DOUBLE TAXATION, ECONOMIC EXPANSION, ECONOMIC SECTORS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EMERGING ECONOMIES, ENTRY BARRIERS, EQUIPMENT, EQUIPMENTS, EXCHANGE CONTROLS, EXCHANGE RATES, EXOGENOUS SHOCKS, EXPENDITURES, EXPORT BIAS, EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS, EXPORT GROWTH, EXPORT MARKET, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES, EXPORT PERFORMANCE, EXPORT VOLUMES, EXPORTER, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, EXTERNAL TRADE, FINAL GOODS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FISCAL DEFICIT, FOREIGN BANKS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES, FOREIGN FIRMS, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTORS, FORMS OF CREDIT, FRAUD, FREE ACCESS, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS, FREE TRADE AREA, GDP PER CAPITA, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL, GLOBAL COMPETITION, GLOBAL INTEGRATION, GLOBAL MARKET, GROWTH MODELS, GROWTH RATE, HUMAN CAPITAL, INCOME GROWTH, INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS, INDUSTRIAL SECTOR, INFLATION, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, INSURANCE, INSURANCE COMPANIES, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, INTERNATIONAL PRICES, INTERNATIONAL STANDARD, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVENTORY, INVESTING, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTMENT INCENTIVES, KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LACK OF COMPETITION, LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE, LOAN, LOAN DEFAULT, LOAN DEFAULTS, MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET ECONOMY, MARKET FAILURE, MARKET FAILURES, MARKET REFORM, MARKET SHARE, MARKET SHARES, MATURITIES, MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION, MUTUAL RECOGNITION, NET INFLOWS, NON-PERFORMING LOANS, NONPAYMENT, OIL EXPORTERS, OPENNESS, OUTPUT, OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE, PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT, PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTS, PREFERENTIAL PARTNERS, PREFERENTIAL TRADE, PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT, PRIVATE CREDIT, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PROCESS OF NEGOTIATIONS, PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROPERTY RIGHT, PROTECTION RATES, PUBLIC DEBT, PURCHASING POWER, REAL GDP, REAL INCOME, REGIONAL TRADE, REGULATORY BARRIERS, REGULATORY CONVERGENCE, REGULATORY OVERSIGHT, REGULATORY RESTRICTIONS, RETAIL TRADING, RISK OF LOAN, RULES OF ORIGIN, SHAREHOLDER, SPECIALIZATION, TARIFF RATE, TARIFF RATES, TARIFF REDUCTION, TARIFF REDUCTIONS, TAX, TAX RATE, TAXATION, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TIMELY PAYMENT, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TRADE AGREEMENT, TRADE DIVERSION, TRADE FACILITATION, TRADE INTEGRATION, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE LOGISTICS, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADE POLICY, TRADE REFORM, TRADE REFORMS, TRADE REGIME, TRADE RESTRICTIONS, TRADING, TRANSACTION, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSACTIONS COSTS, TRANSITION COUNTRIES, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT COSTS, TREATIES, TRUST FUND, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNFAIR COMPETITION, UNILATERAL REFORM, URUGUAY ROUND, VALUE ADDED, WAREHOUSES, WORKING CAPITAL, WORLD MARKETS, WTO, ZERO TARIFFS