China : Accelerating Household Access to Clean Cooking and Heating
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Washington, DC
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The China Clean Stove Initiative (CSI),
a collaborative effort of the Chinese government and the
World Bank, aims to scale up access to clean cooking and
heating stoves for poor, primarily rural households, who are
likely to continue using solid fuels beyond 2030. More than
half of China's population still relies on solid fuels
(coal and biomass) for cooking and heating; many of these
households, located mainly in rural areas, are likely to
continue using solid fuels in the near future. Switching to
modern energy alternatives would be the most effective way
to achieve clean cooking and heating solutions and should be
encouraged; yet such fuels are more expensive than solid
fuels, requiring more costly stoves and delivery
infrastructure. Effective strategies to scale up the
dissemination of clean burning, fuel-efficient stoves for
household cooking and heating can mitigate the health
hazards associated with the burning of solid fuels. It is
estimated that Household Air Pollution (HAP) from solid fuel
use results in more than a million premature deaths each
year in China. Scaled-up access to clean and efficient
stoves is consistent with China's strategy to promote
energy conservation, reduced carbon emissions, and green
energy in villages. The China CSI comprises four phases: 1)
initial stocktaking and development of the implementation
strategy; 2) institutional strengthening, capacity building,
and piloting of the strategy; 3) scaled-up program
implementation; and 4) evaluation and dissemination of
lessons learned. This report will serve as a knowledge base
and roadmap to encourage and engage all interested parties
in working together on this important agenda. The initial
CSI stocktaking exercise calls for a comprehensive strategy
comprising institutional strengthening and building of an
enabling policy and regulatory environment, market and
business development, and stimulation of household demand,
supported by an innovative, results based financing approach.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, AGRICULTURAL WASTE, AIR, AIR POLLUTION, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAM, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES, ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, ANIMAL DUNG, APPROACH, ARSENIC, ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, AVAILABILITY, BIOGAS, BIOGAS DIGESTERS, BIOGAS SYSTEMS, BIOMASS, BIOMASS AVAILABILITY, BIOMASS FUELS, BIOMASS RESOURCE, BIOMASS RESOURCES, BIOMASS STOVE, BIOMASS STOVES, BIOMASS USE, BIOMASS USERS, BLACK CARBON, BLACK CARBON EMISSIONS, BOILERS, BURNING STOVES, CANCER, CARBON CREDITS, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON FINANCE, CARBON MONOXIDE, CHARCOAL, CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, CLEAN COAL, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT, CLIMATE, CLIMATES, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, CO, COAL, COAL BRIQUETTES, COAL PRODUCTION, COAL RESOURCES, COLD WINTERS, COLORS, COMBUSTION, COMMERCIAL ENERGY, CONVENTIONAL ENERGY, COOKING, COOKING FUELS, COOKING STOVES, CORN, DAILY COOKING, DEFORESTATION, DISTRICT HEATING, DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS, DUST, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EFFICIENT STOVES, ELECTRIC HEATER, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY USE, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, ENERGY ALTERNATIVES, ENERGY CONSERVATION, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY INDUSTRY, ENERGY NEEDS, ENERGY OFFICES, ENERGY POLICIES, ENERGY PROJECTS, ENERGY RESOURCES, ENERGY SAVINGS, ENERGY SERVICES, ENERGY SOURCE, ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY STRUCTURE, ENERGY USE, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, FLUORIDATION, FLUOROSIS, FOOD CROPS, FOREST, FOREST RESIDUES, FOREST RESOURCES, FORESTRY, FORESTRY RESOURCES, FOSSIL, FUEL, FUEL COLLECTION, FUEL EFFICIENCY, FUEL MIX, FUEL PRICES, FUEL SOURCE, FUEL SUPPLIES, FUEL SWITCHING, FUEL USE, FUELWOOD, GENERATION, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, GLOBAL WARMING, GREEN ENERGY, HEALTH HAZARD, HEAT, HEATING ENERGY, HEAVY RELIANCE, HOUSEHOLD COOKING, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY USE, HOUSEHOLD FUEL, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY, KEROSENE, LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS, LIVING STANDARDS, LPG, METHANE, MODERN FUELS, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, NOX, OIL, PARTICULATE, PARTICULATE MATTER, PER CAPITA INCOME, PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM GAS, POLLUTANTS, PRIMARY FUEL, PROPORTION OF BIOMASS, RAW COAL, RAW MATERIAL, RAW MATERIALS, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, RENEWABLE RESOURCE, RENEWABLE SOURCES, RICE STRAW, RURAL AREAS, RURAL ENERGY, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, SMOKE, SO2, SOLAR ENERGY, SOLAR ENERGY RESOURCES, SOLAR RADIATION, SOLAR RESOURCE, SOLAR RESOURCES, SOLID FUEL, SOLID FUELS, SUGAR, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, THERMAL EFFICIENCY, TONS OF CARBON, TOXIC POLLUTANTS, TRADITIONAL BIOMASS, TRADITIONAL STOVE, TRADITIONAL STOVES, URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, USE OF BIOMASS, UTILIZATION OF BIOMASS, UTILIZATION OF BIOMASS ENERGY, WATER HEATING, WHEAT, WOOD, WOOD RESOURCES