Social and Economic Impacts of Rural Road Improvements in the State of Tocantins, Brazil
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The aim of this paper is to provide
feedback on the question of socioeconomic benefits from
rural road development and the impact of transport
infrastructure on the poor, particularly the poorest and the
bottom 20 percent of the population. This paper relies on
impact evaluation methodologies, which are traditionally
used in social sectors but less so in the transport sector.
The study, including first surveys, was launched in 2003
under the Tocantins Sustainable Regional Development
Project. The paper highlights the context that led to the
project’s design, which included an impact evaluation of the
works envisaged under the project. The paper also highlights
some of the main challenges faced by this impact evaluation
and how these challenges were addressed for the present
study. It then provides details about the data collected
during the surveys and the key relevant characteristics of
the population targeted by the surveys. It discusses the
possible estimation methods envisioned to undertake the
study and provides the main results of the assessment based
on these methods. The analysis shows that improved rural
roads changed people’s transport modal choice. People used
more public buses and individual motorized vehicles after
the rural road improvements. The paper also finds that the
project increased school attendance, particularly for girls.
Although the evidence is relatively weak in statistical
terms, it indicates that the project contributed to
increasing agricultural jobs and household income in certain regions.
Palabras clave
FEEDER ROADS, ROAD DEVELOPMENT, TRANSPORT SECTOR, ROAD NETWORKS, ITS, BUS SERVICE, TRANSPORT CONDITIONS, ROAD IMPROVEMENTS, INTEREST, INCOME, RATE OF RETURN, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, VEHICLES, SIGNS, CAR OWNERSHIP, TREND, RURAL TRANSPORT, RURAL ACCESSIBILITY, RURAL ROAD CONSTRUCTION, TRAVEL SPEED, CONCRETE, VEHICLE OWNERSHIP, TOLL, REDUCTION IN TRAVEL, INTERSTATE HIGHWAY, BICYCLES, HIGHWAY SYSTEM, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, CONCRETE BRIDGES, HAULAGE, NATIONAL ROADS, TRANSPORT SERVICES, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT NETWORKS, TRANSPORT MODES, MODAL CHOICE, MAIN ROAD, CHOICE OF TRANSPORT, VEHICLE, CAR USE, TRANSPORT INVESTMENTS, ROAD, COSTS, TRAINING, ROAD NETWORK, ROAD SECTOR, TRANSPORT, IMPACT OF TRANSPORT, INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM, GRADE, BRIDGES, MOBILITY, DEMAND FOR TRANSPORT, ROAD USERS, ROAD INVESTMENTS, TRIPS, TRUE, TRANSPORT PROJECTS, TRANSPORT PROBLEMS, FRAMEWORK, BENEFIT ANALYSIS, TRANSPORT POLICY MAKERS, ROAD IMPROVEMENT, BUS SERVICES, TRAVEL TIMES, TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT, PORTS, RURAL ROADS, ROUTE, TRANSPORT POLICY, RADIO, MODAL SHIFT, INFRASTRUCTURE, PERSONAL TRAVEL, BUSES, MAIN ROADS, BUS, INITIATIVES, TRAVEL, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSIT, POLICIES, COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS, CARS, INFRASTRUCTURE REHABILITATION, ACCESSIBILITY, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, POPULATION DENSITY, MAINTENANCE, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, TOLL ROADS, STATE HIGHWAYS, DEMAND FOR MOBILITY, PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES, INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS, ROAD PROJECTS, HIGHWAYS, ROAD LENGTH, SURVEYS, SCHOOL BUS, BRIDGE, HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE, MUNICIPAL ROAD, ROADS, CAR, CROSSING, NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM, HIGHWAY, INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS, RAILWAYS, AVERAGE SPEED, PUBLIC BUS SERVICE, AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES, SHARING, LAND-USE PLANNING, TRANSPORT DEMAND, INVESTMENTS, INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN, SPEED, BUS USE, ROAD CONSTRUCTION, ROAD INVESTMENT, ROAD CONDITIONS, CULVERTS, TRANSPORT COSTS, ROAD TRANSPORT, TRAVEL TIME, PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, INFRASTRUCTURES, AVERAGE TRAVEL TIME, SCHOOL BUSES, HISTORIC CITIES