Control of coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix) with Bacillus subtilis.
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Cell suspensions of the isolates AP-3 and AP-150 of Bacillus subtilis totally inhibited uredospores germination of the races I,II, XXV, XXIX of Hemileia vastatrix when Bacillus concentration was higher than 5 x 107 cells/ml. A higher than 70% inhibition was achieved with Bacillus concentration of 5x106 cells/ml, but the germinated uredospores showed high level of deformation. The spray of cell suspensions on coffee leaves, variety Caturra, autoclaved or not, of the isolates AP-3 and AP-150 in concentrations of 2,2x108 and 4,3x108 cells/ml, respectivelly, reduced the number of injuries in 87, 62, 73 and 72%, respectively. When those isolates were sprayed on toung plants the inhibition was 89, 67, 63 and 59%, respectively. In a field test in the 89/90 season,with 3-year-old coffee plants variety " Catuai vermelho", the direct application of the fermentative material of AP-3 and AP-150 diluted 1:10 showed a control of 26 and 25%, respectively, based on number of injury leaves, 24 and 29% on percentage of injuried leaves, and 27 and 32% based on number of injuries per injuried leaf. Copper oxichloride (3,360g/1000 plants) was considered the check treatment and showed a control of about 81%.
Palabras clave
Coffee, Disease, Fungus, Rust, Antagonism, Bactéria, Hemileia Vastatrix, Bacillus subtilis, biological control