How Might India’s Public Health Systems Be Strengthened?

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dc.creatorDas Gupta, Monica
dc.creatorShukla, Rajendra
dc.creatorSomanathan, T.V.
dc.creatorDatta, K.K.
dc.date2012-03-19T19:14:09Z
dc.date2012-03-19T19:14:09Z
dc.date2009-11-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:15:13Z
dc.descriptionThe central government s policies, though well-intentioned, have inadvertently de-emphasized environmental health and other preventive public health services in India since the 1950s, when it was decided to amalgamate the medical and public health services and to focus public health services largely on single-issue programs. This paper discusses how successive policy decisions have diminished the Health Ministry s capacity for stewardship of the nation s public health. These decisions have introduced policies and fiscal incentives that have inadvertently enabled states to prioritize medical services and single-issue programs over broader public health services, and diminished the capacity of the public health workforce to deliver public health services. Diseases resulting from poor environmental health conditions continue to impose high costs even among the more affluent, and hinder development. There are many approaches to strengthening the public health system, and the authors suggest one that may require relatively little modification of existing structures and systems. They suggest establishing a focal point in the Health Ministry for public health stewardship, and re-vitalizing the states public health managerial cadres as well as the grassroots public health workers. The central government could consider linking its fiscal support to states with phased progress in four areas: (1) the enactment of state Public Health Acts; (2) the establishment by states of separate public health directorates; (3) the re-vitalization of grassroots public health workers; and (4) health department engagement in ensuring municipal public health. The central focal point could provide the needed support, oversight, incentives, and sanctions to ensure that states build robust public health systems. These measures can do much to help governments use public funds more effectively for protecting people s health.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091125082536
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/4332
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5140
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/416480
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relationPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5140
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectAVIAN FLU
dc.subjectAVIAN INFLUENZA
dc.subjectBASIC LEGISLATION
dc.subjectBEDDING
dc.subjectBLINDNESS
dc.subjectBURDEN OF DISEASE
dc.subjectCANCER
dc.subjectCHILD HEALTH
dc.subjectCHILD HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY
dc.subjectCHOLERA
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCLINICAL SERVICES
dc.subjectCLINICS
dc.subjectCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE
dc.subjectCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY MEDICINE
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectCONTAGIOUS DISEASES
dc.subjectCOST-EFFECTIVENESS
dc.subjectCOSTS OF TREATMENT
dc.subjectDEATHS
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR SERVICES
dc.subjectDENGUE
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDIABETES
dc.subjectDISASTERS
dc.subjectDISEASE CONTROL
dc.subjectDISEASE OUTBREAKS
dc.subjectDISEASE PREVENTION
dc.subjectDISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL
dc.subjectDISEASE SURVEILLANCE
dc.subjectDISPENSARIES
dc.subjectDRINKING WATER
dc.subjectDRUG RESISTANCE
dc.subjectDRUGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC CHANGE
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC OUTCOMES
dc.subjectECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES
dc.subjectEMERGENCIES
dc.subjectENDEMIC DISEASES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
dc.subjectEPIDEMIC
dc.subjectEPIDEMICS
dc.subjectEXERCISES
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectFAMILY HEALTH
dc.subjectFAMILY PLANNING
dc.subjectFAMILY WELFARE
dc.subjectFLU PANDEMIC
dc.subjectFOOD HANDLING
dc.subjectFOOD SAFETY
dc.subjectFOOD STORAGE
dc.subjectGLOBAL POLIO ERADICATION INITIATIVE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT CAPACITY
dc.subjectGRASSROOTS WORKERS
dc.subjectHAZARDS
dc.subjectHEALTH AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectHEALTH BUDGETS
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH CONDITIONS
dc.subjectHEALTH ECONOMICS
dc.subjectHEALTH EDUCATION
dc.subjectHEALTH EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectHEALTH FACILITIES
dc.subjectHEALTH FINANCING
dc.subjectHEALTH INTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectHEALTH LEGISLATION
dc.subjectHEALTH MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectHEALTH NEEDS
dc.subjectHEALTH OFFICIALS
dc.subjectHEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectHEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subjectHEALTH PLANNING
dc.subjectHEALTH POLICIES
dc.subjectHEALTH POLICY
dc.subjectHEALTH REGULATIONS
dc.subjectHEALTH RESOURCES
dc.subjectHEALTH RISKS
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICE
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH SPECIALIST
dc.subjectHEALTH SYSTEM
dc.subjectHEALTH SYSTEMS
dc.subjectHEALTH TRAINING
dc.subjectHEALTH WORKFORCE
dc.subjectHEPATITIS
dc.subjectHOSPITALS
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHYGIENE
dc.subjectILL-HEALTH
dc.subjectILLNESS
dc.subjectIMMUNIZATION
dc.subjectIMMUNIZATIONS
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectINFECTIONS
dc.subjectINFECTIOUS DISEASES
dc.subjectINFLUENZA
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINJURIES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS
dc.subjectIODINE DEFICIENCY
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLACK OF FOOD
dc.subjectLATRINES
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLEPROSY
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLOCAL AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectMALARIA
dc.subjectMALARIA CONTROL
dc.subjectMALARIA INCIDENCE
dc.subjectMALE HEALTH
dc.subjectMALE HEALTH WORKERS
dc.subjectMALNUTRITION
dc.subjectMATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
dc.subjectMEDICAL CARE
dc.subjectMEDICAL DOCTORS
dc.subjectMEDICAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectMEDICAL FACILITIES
dc.subjectMEDICAL OFFICER
dc.subjectMEDICAL RESEARCH
dc.subjectMEDICAL SERVICES
dc.subjectMEDICAL TRAINING
dc.subjectMEDICINE
dc.subjectMIDWIFE
dc.subjectMIDWIVES
dc.subjectMIGRANTS
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF HEALTH
dc.subjectMORBIDITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY DECLINE
dc.subjectMORTALITY DECLINES
dc.subjectNATIONAL HEALTH
dc.subjectNATIONAL HEALTH POLICY
dc.subjectNATIONAL POLICY
dc.subjectNATURAL DISASTER
dc.subjectNATURAL DISASTERS
dc.subjectNURSE
dc.subjectNURSING
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectOCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
dc.subjectOCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
dc.subjectPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
dc.subjectPLAGUE
dc.subjectPLAGUE CONTROL
dc.subjectPOLICY DECISIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY GOALS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLICY SERIES
dc.subjectPOLIO
dc.subjectPOLIO ERADICATION
dc.subjectPOLIO ERADICATION PROGRAM
dc.subjectPOPULATION DISCUSSION
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPOPULATION STUDIES
dc.subjectPREVALENCE
dc.subjectPREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectPREVENTIVE MEDICINE
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
dc.subjectPUBLIC ATTENTION
dc.subjectPUBLIC AWARENESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH LAWS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH PERSONNEL
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH POLICIES
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH POLICY
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectQUARANTINE
dc.subjectRABIES
dc.subjectRESEARCH INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectRESOURCE MOBILIZATION
dc.subjectRURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSANITARY CONDITIONS
dc.subjectSANITATION
dc.subjectSCHOOL HEALTH
dc.subjectSCREENING
dc.subjectSEPTIC TANKS
dc.subjectSEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
dc.subjectSMALLPOX
dc.subjectSOCIAL POLICY
dc.subjectSTATE GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectT.V.
dc.subjectTB
dc.subjectTECHNICAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectTECHNICAL INFORMATION
dc.subjectTECHNICAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectTREATMENT
dc.subjectTROPICAL MEDICINE
dc.subjectTUBERCULOSIS
dc.subjectTYPHOID
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectVACCINATION
dc.subjectVACCINATION PROGRAMS
dc.subjectVACCINE
dc.subjectVECTOR BORNE DISEASES
dc.subjectVECTOR CONTROL
dc.subjectVENTILATION
dc.subjectVITAL STATISTICS
dc.subjectWASTE
dc.subjectWATER SUPPLIES
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectYAWS
dc.titleHow Might India’s Public Health Systems Be Strengthened?

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