Kazakhstan

World Bank

Kazakhstan

Autores

World Bank

Editor

Washington, DC

Descripción

This report is structured as follows. Chapter one analyzes the performance of Kazakhstan s trade. Chapter two presents an overview of recent developments in Kazakhstan regional and international trade integration. Chapter three examines in detail key issues related to market access, focusing on non-tariff measures and trade facilitation and logistics. Chapter four examines the services sector and offers a roadmap for actions to enhance its competitiveness. Chapter five addresses building institutional capacity for the trade and competitiveness agenda. The report s recommendations are summarized in the following table. In order of the four main messages of the report, they cover balancing regional and international integration efforts, measures to improve access to inputs and export markets by reducing non-tariff barriers and through trade facilitation measures, raising the quality and efficiency of the services sector, and strengthening institutional capacity to implement an effective trade policy and competitiveness agenda.

Palabras clave

ADVANCED COUNTRIES, ADVANCED ECONOMIES, AGREEMENT ON TRADE, AGRICULTURE, AIR, APPAREL, BARRIERS TO ENTRY, BARRIERS TO TRADE, BENCHMARK, BORDER CROSSING, BOTTLENECKS, CARRIERS, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, COMMODITY EXPORT, COMMODITY EXPORTERS, COMMODITY PRICES, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITION FRAMEWORK, COMPETITIVE INDUSTRIES, COMPETITIVENESS, COMPETITIVENESS OF GOODS, CONNECTIVITY, CURRENCY, CURRENT ACCOUNT, CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCES, CUSTOMS, CUSTOMS BROKERS, CUSTOMS CLEARANCE, CUSTOMS UNION, CUSTOMS VALUATION, DATA AVAILABILITY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DOMESTIC ECONOMY, E-COMMERCE, E-TRADE, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, ECONOMIC CRISIS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EFFICIENT TRANSPORT, ELASTICITY, EMERGING MARKETS, ENERGY EXPORT, EXPORT BASE, EXPORT BASKET, EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS, EXPORT GROWTH, EXPORT MARKET, EXPORT MARKET SHARE, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORT PATTERNS, EXPORT PERFORMANCE, EXPORT PRODUCTS, EXPORT PROMOTION, EXPORT REVENUE, EXPORT SECTOR, EXPORT SECTORS, EXPORT VALUE, EXPORT VOLUMES, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, EXPOSURE, EXTERNAL SHOCKS, EXTERNAL TARIFF, EXTERNAL TARIFFS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FLEETS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN FINANCING, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTORS, FOREIGN MARKET, FOREIGN MARKETS, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS, FREIGHT, FUEL, FUELS, GAS SECTOR, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GLOBAL ECONOMY, GLOBAL INTEGRATION, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HARMONIZATION, HEAVY RELIANCE, HUMAN CAPITAL, IMPORT PRODUCT, INCOME, INCOMES, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSURANCE, INTERMEDIATE IMPORTS, INTERMEDIATE INPUTS, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVENTORY, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES, JOB CREATION, LIBERALIZATION, LIVING STANDARDS, LOW-INCOME ECONOMIES, MARGINAL PRODUCTS, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET DEMANDS, MARKET SHARE, MARKET SHARE CHANGES, MARKET SHARES, METAL PRODUCTS, MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, MOBILE PHONE, MUTUAL RECOGNITION, MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS, NATIONAL INCOME, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEW MARKETS, NEW PRODUCTS, NON-TARIFF BARRIERS, OPENNESS, PATTERN OF SPECIALIZATION, PER CAPITA INCOME, POLITICAL STABILITY, PORTFOLIOS, POSITIVE EFFECTS, PRICE-SENSITIVE, PUBLIC OWNERSHIP, RAIL, RAIL CORRIDORS, RAPID GROWTH, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL TRADE, REGULATORS, REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT, RISK MANAGEMENT, ROAD, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROLLING STOCK, ROUTE, SKILLED LABOR, SODIUM, SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS, STRUCTURAL CHANGE, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TARIFF BARRIERS, TARIFF POLICIES, TARIFF POLICY, TARIFF PROTECTION, TAX, TECHNICAL REGULATIONS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TOTAL OUTPUT, TRADE AGENDA, TRADE AND INVESTMENT POLICY, TRADE BALANCE, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE COMPETITIVENESS, TRADE COSTS, TRADE DEFICIT, TRADE FACILITATION, TRADE IN SERVICES, TRADE INTEGRATION, TRADE MORE, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADE PATTERN, TRADE PERFORMANCE, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE POLICY ANALYSIS, TRADE SURPLUS, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSIT, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT, TRANSPORT SERVICES, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT, TRANSPORTATION SERVICES, TRUE, UNSKILLED WORKERS, VALUATION, VALUE ADDED, VALUE OF EXPORTS, VOLATILITY, WAGES, WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, WORLD MARKET, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO