Rebuilding of marine fisheries - Part 2: Case studies
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Part 2 of the global review of “Rebuilding of Marine Fisheries” provides 13 case studies of fisheries on which rebuilding initiatives were undertaken, in various parts of the world and under different circumstances, as well as an analysis of the role of closures (MPAs and fishery closures) in rebuilding. The cases studies relate to: Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Bluefin tuna; Norwegian spring spawning herring and Northeast Atlantic cod; Southeast Australia multispecies (scalefish and sharks); Japanese sardine, anchovy and chub mackerel; Western Australia snapper, multispecies demersal resources and scallop fisheries; South African fisheries on hakes, sardine and rock lobster; and Canadian (Newfoundland) cod. The MPA analysis considers many examples of MPAs and fishery closures, including the Great Barrier Reef. The case studies illustrate contrasting situations regarding the nature of the resources, the types of fisheries, the governance structures and processes, the environmental and socioeconomic contexts, the causes of depletion, information richness, and outcomes. They highlight the multiple dimensions of the rebuilding problem. A number of lessons are learned regarding the triggering factors, the likelihood and factors of success in rebuilding, the importance of reactiveness, timeliness and clarity of the objectives, the weakly predictable nature of the process, the main problems, the uncertainty inherent in rebuilding trajectories, the needed improvements in the legal, policy, governance and management frameworks, the rebuilding and post-rebuilding regimes, economic and social considerations, science - policy issues, environmental issues, enabling and limiting factors and challenges.