Patterns and determinants of dietary micronutrient deficiencies in rural areas of East Africa
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Micronutrient malnutrition is a large public health problem in many developing countries, but
its dimensions and determinants are not yet clearly understood, especially with respect to sub-
Saharan Africa. Based on 24-hour recall data from rural households in Rwanda, Uganda and
Tanzania, this study analyzes dietary patterns to provide a comprehensive picture of the risk
of micronutrient deficiencies, with particular emphasis on bioavailable vitamin A, iron and
zinc intakes. The results confirm that micronutrient deficiencies are widespread and positively
correlated with calorie deficiency. Regression analysis suggests that income growth will bring
about important nutritional improvements. However, more targeted interventions are needed,
especially for controlling vitamin A deficiency. Promising avenues include basic education,
women empowerment, promotion of home gardens, awareness campaigns and vitamin A
biofortification. Spatial differences within and across regions indicate that detailed knowledge
of local conditions is imperative for designing and targeting effective food and nutrition
policies.