Leptocybe invasa biological control program in Brazil: an update.
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Forestry products are one of the most important exportation incomes for the Brazilian economy, based mainly in Eucalyptus plantations. Introduction and establishment of the Eucalyptus invasive pests in Brazil has caused decreased wood productivity. The Chalcid blue gum Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an Australian species first recorded in Brazil in 2008, considered a nursery pest in the beginning and currently a pest in clonal plantations. The classical biological control with introduced parasitoids is the main strategy for management of this pest. Selitrichodes neseri Kelly & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was imported to Brazil from South Africa in 2015. After four years this parasitoid has been released and stablished in seven states in nurseries and plantations. S. neseri has a short life cycle (approx. 19 days), in comparasion with L. invasa (approx. 87 days). After four years, infestation decreased in sates of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Bahia. Another parasitoid, Quadrastichus mendeli (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), was recently found in unintencional introductions in São Paulo state in December of 2018. Studies about bioecology, dispersion and a possible interaction between both parasitoids are ongoing.
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Controle Biológico, Leptocybe invasa