A Comparative Overview of the Incidence of Non-Tariff Measures on Trade in Lao PDR
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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An efficient and transparent regulatory
framework governing international trade is a necessary
condition for countries to realize the benefits of
international trade. Over the last decade, Lao PDR has been
deepening its economic ties with the global economy through
the formal accession to the WTO in 2013. At the regional
level, the country is committed to be full member of the
ASEAN Economic Community. These agreements entailed profound
changes to Lao PDR’s regulatory framework governing
international trade. This report provides an overview of
the incidence on NTMs on import flows in Lao PDR before and
after WTO accession and identifies lingering regulatory
hurdles that may still hamper the ability of the country to
reap the gains of a deeper integration. Employing detailed
and comparable NTM information, this note characterizes the
changes in the trade related regulatory framework in Lao PDR
and compares the current scheme with that of other countries
in Asia. The report also combines econometric estimations of
Ad-Valorem Equivalents (AVEs) of NTMs with qualitative
information collected through fieldwork to identify priority
measure to streamline. This report is organized as follows.
Section two discusses main conceptual issues and presents
the data and metrics to examine the role of NTMs in import
flows. Section three, describes the trade incidence of NTMs
and compares it with similar countries and with the
situation prior to WTO accession. Section four combines an
econometric technique with qualitative information to
discuss the stringency of NTMs. Section five presents some
concluding remarks and provides some recommendation for reform.
Palabras clave
TARIFFS, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, EQUIPMENT, TRADE ALERT, PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, BARRIERS TO TRADE, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TARIFF EQUIVALENTS, BILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS, FOREIGN INVESTORS, SEARCH, IMPORT PRODUCT, TAXONOMY, RESEARCH AGENDA, TRADE BARRIERS, PRODUCERS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, IMPORT TAXES, TIMBER, PROTECTIONIST, INFORMATION, EXPORTS, DOMESTIC MARKET, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, ENTRY POINT, MONITORING, CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMIES, IMPACT ASSESSMENT, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, DISTRIBUTION, TAX SYSTEMS, MODELS, PRICE, TARIFF EQUIVALENT, PC, MARKET ACCESS, EXPORT SUBSIDIES, TECHNICAL REGULATIONS, HOME PAGE, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, CUSTOMS CLEARANCE, TRADE REGULATIONS, TRADE DEVELOPMENT, TARIFF POLICY, IMPORT LICENSES, CUSTOMS DUTIES, INSTITUTIONS, DATA, TRADE IN GOODS, FOREIGN TRADE, GLOBAL ECONOMY, COMMERCE, OIL, TRADE RESTRICTIONS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGENDA, IMPORT QUOTAS, NON-TARIFF BARRIERS, ONLINE DATABASE, LICENSE, CUSTOMS, TECHNICAL REGULATION, QUOTAS, CUSTOMS DECLARATION, AUTOMATION, CONSULTANT, LINKS, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, BENEFIT ANALYSIS, IMPORTS, TRADE POLICY, IMPORT LICENSING, INVENTORY, METALS, SUBSIDIES, EFFICIENCY, TAXES, TRANSACTIONS, RESOURCES, MANUFACTURING, TECHNOLOGY, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, DEREGULATION, BUSINESS PROCESSES, MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS, CONSUMPTION, PROCUREMENT, INSPECTION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, VALUES, RESULTS, COMPLIANCE COSTS, MARKET PRICES, TECHNICAL MEASURES, POLICY MAKERS, COMPETITIVENESS, REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, CUSTOM, MULTILATERAL RULES, PRODUCT CATEGORIES, IMPORT COMPETITION, PROPERTY, TRADE FACILITATION, PRIVATE SECTOR, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, TRANSACTION COSTS, ENVIRONMENT, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, TRADE AGENDA, QUERIES, ECONOMICS, MARKET COMPETITION, ADMINISTRATION, RESULT, TRADE DATA, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, TRADE, LICENSE FEES, LICENSE FEE, LAND, GLOBAL TRADE, LICENSES, BUSINESSES, BUSINESS CLIMATE, BUSINESS, NETWORK, INTERNATIONAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES, TAX SYSTEM, COAL, TARIFF, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, INSPECTIONS, IMPORT REGIME, TRADE-RELATED INVESTMENT, REVENUE, CERTIFICATES, WORLD TRADE, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, RULES OF ORIGIN, TARIFF RATE, COMMODITIES, SEARCHES, DATABASE, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, ENVIRONMENTAL, TECHNICAL BARRIERS, COMMODITY, IMPORT VALUE, TARIFF LINES, AGRICULTURAL TRADE, PRICES, USES, ECONOMIES