Managing Risks in Rural Senegal : A Multi-Sectoral Review of Efforts to Reduce Vulnerability

World Bank

Managing Risks in Rural Senegal : A Multi-Sectoral Review of Efforts to Reduce Vulnerability

Autores

World Bank

Editor

Washington, DC

Descripción

The main objective of the study is to provide the Government of Senegal the analyses and information to implement policies towards reducing the rural poor's vulnerability. While during the latest years, economic growth reduced poverty in the country, this has been less noticeable among the rural population, who actually account for 6 million people over a total population of 10 million. The rural economy remains essentially agrarian, with a 65 percent of its population living in poverty. Natural risks are intimately linked to the agrarian nature of the rural economy, and to its "Sahelian" environment. Drought cycles reduce agricultural production, thus such impact varies according to the agricultural season, the agro-ecological zone, the type of crops, and the presence - or not - of irrigation systems. In addition, insects, and the disease these carry, affect plants and animals, adding to the natural risks. Economic risks occur, as elsewhere, due to changes in the agricultural production and trade systems, thus affecting revenues and the acquisition power. Moreover, the report specifies rural populations are further exposed to health shocks, aggravated by the obstacles in accessing health services. Education, particularly of rural children, is subject to several risks: total absence of school attendance, drop-outs during the school year, or inability to achieve sufficient basic competencies. As for social risks, the main sources within rural areas, are on one hand, the regional conflict in Casamance, and on the other, crime, robberies, property conflicts, and violence, affecting communities, and productivity. Among the recommendations, the report stipulates financial services and revenue diversification in rural areas are the main issues requiring a framework on policy, and public spending. A multi-sectoral vision of risks should help identify vicious cycles, while its eradication will require the collaboration of various sectors.

Palabras clave

ADVERSE EFFECTS, ADVERSE IMPACT, AGED, AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL SEASON, AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL DISEASES, ANIMAL HEALTH, BENEFICIARIES, CAPACITY BUILDING, CASH TRANSFERS, CHILD LABOR, CLINICS, COMMERCIAL BANK, COMMUNITY COMMITTEES, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY HEALTH, CONFLICT, CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING, COVARIATE SHOCKS, COVERAGE, CREDIT CULTURE, CRIME, CROP DIVERSIFICATION, CROP INSURANCE, DAMAGES, DEBT, DEVALUATION, DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, DISASTERS, DIVERSIFICATION, DROUGHT, DROUGHT YEARS, ECOLOGICAL ZONES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC RESOURCES, ECONOMIC RISK, ECONOMIC RISKS, EMPLOYMENT CREATION, EMPLOYMENT GENERATION, EPIDEMICS, EXPORTS, FAMILIES, FARM EMPLOYMENT, FARM LABOR, FARMERS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL SYSTEMS, FOOD AID, FOOD INTAKE, FOOD SECURITY, GDP, GROWTH RATE, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH MANAGEMENT, HEALTH PROGRAMS, HEALTH SERVICES, HOSPITALS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HYGIENE, INCOME GROUPS, INCOME VOLATILITY, INEQUALITY, INFANT MORTALITY, INSURANCE EXPENDITURES, INTEREST RATE, INTEREST RATES, INTERVENTION, IRRIGATION, LAND DEGRADATION, LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS, LIVING CONDITIONS, MACROECONOMIC POLICIES, MALNUTRITION, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MEDICINES, MICRO-FINANCE, MICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTIONS, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MITIGATION, MONEY TRANSFERS, MORAL HAZARD, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, NATURAL DISASTERS, NUTRITION, OLD AGE, OPEN ECONOMY, POVERTY LEVEL, POVERTY QUINTILES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPER, PREGNANT WOMEN, PREVENTION OF SHOCKS, PRICE INDEXES, PRIVATE INSURANCE, PRODUCER ORGANIZATIONS, PROGRAMS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC SPENDING, PUBLIC WORKS, PURCHASING POWER, RATES, REMOTE AREAS, RISK MANAGEMENT, RISK MITIGATION, RURAL AREA, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL HEALTH, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INCOME, RURAL MIGRATION, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POPULATIONS, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL PRODUCERS, RURAL PRODUCTION, RURAL PUBLIC, RURAL RESIDENTS, RURAL SCHOOLS, RURAL VULNERABILITY, RURAL WOMEN, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SAHEL, SAVINGS, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOLING, SMOOTHING CONSUMPTION, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL MARKETING, SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOLVENCY, STRUCTURAL REFORMS, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, SUSTAINABILITY, TARGETING, TONTINES, TRADITIONAL HEALERS, UNEMPLOYMENT, VIOLENCE, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WEALTH, WEALTH CREATION, WORKERS